Research On Smart Energy Consumption Technology Among Residential Users Based On Layered Games

In the environment of smart grid, demand side management, as a kind of important mechanism which will change and promote power consumption, can improve the utilization rate of energy and the reliability of power grid. Demand side management emphasizes the bidirectional interactions between residential users and the grid, and the interactions among users as well. As a result, there exists a lot of game behavior between the grid and the users, along with another kind of game behavior among users. In this paper, electric vehicles are connected to the gird along with household distributed power, which is considered as a means of generating power for private use. The game between utility companies and users and the other one among users constitute the layered game, which are both studied in the paper. The main research work of this paper is listed as follows:Firstly, fundamental models for the smart grid system are established, including the cost model of utility companies, residential users'power consumption model and the model of users'load applications.Secondly, in the case of electric vehicles charging and reverse discharging separately access to grid, along with household distributed power connected to the grid to generate electricity, residential users'behaviors when they participate in ECS (energy consumption scheduling) based on cooperative game theory are studied, In the game, each user decides the loads'arrangements strategy to optimize the total energy consumption bills. And the electricity schedule impacts on users are analyzed according to the simulation results, which are caused by electric vehicles'charging and discharging and distributed generator's connection to the grid.Thirdly, multiple utility companies are involved in the decision and release of the electricity price policy, and residential users take part in autonomous household energy management, and on this basis, the model of a double cooperative game between utility companies and users is set up, where each utility company makes decisions on the electricity allocation strategy to minimize the total transmission and distribution costs, and each user aims to minimize the electricity bills of all users according to their own loads'schedule strategy.Finally, with the consideration of residential users'satisfaction, another layered game is proposed among multiple utility companies'bids and residential users'load scheduling. The two-level game models are established after describing the scene of the hierarchical game. And the goal of the two-level games is to maximize each utility company's payoff and each user's comprehensive benefit. Besides, a distributed algorithm is designed in order to make the two-level games both converge to their own Nash equilibrium points.The results in this paper show that when residential users participate in ECS with a cooperative game, not only the user's load schedule is improved, but also the electricity bills of all users are reduced effectively as well. Meanwhile, the cost of each utility company is cut down effectively after taking part in the cooperative game. In addition, the bills will be further reduced when electric vehicle discharges back to the grid and household distributed generator produces electricity for private use. Moreover, in more practical application situations, utility companies and users participate in layered games in an uncooperative way, in which case, both utility company's payoff and user's comprehensive benefit are enhanced effectively.