Research Of Qiang Ethnic Minority Architecture Exterior Decoration In Region Of The Upper Minjiang River

A place of architecture means local culture of the place, regional culture is the most obvious characteristics in architectural decoration. The regional cultural information was remained by the architecture, so architecture is a significant carrier of cultural inheritance. Building decoration is an important system in the landscape design research, study construction decoration can not only provide new elements for the landscape design, but also contribute to the protection and inheritance of culture.Qiang ethnic is one of the oldest ethnic groups in our country, mainly concentrated in Sichuan in the upper reaches of Minjiang River, the this is also the preserved and undamaged regions of Qiang cultural. And special natural environment, unique geographical location, makes the Qiang ethnicis become the economic and cultural ties between Han and Tibetans since ancient times, long-term cultural exchange and fusion, bring the Qiang's unique architectural style. With the progress of science and the development of era, more and more people of the Qiang ethnic go out of the mountain and others in modern world are interested in this mysterious nation, the traditional culture is faced with unprecedented challenges from the outside world. Reflecting in the architectural decoration are the loss of the traditional decorative elements and the mix with other decorative elements from outside world.The research of Qiang had started from the beginning of the 20th century, the Chinese and foreign scholars researched the Qiang in several aspects for nearly one hundred years, including the ethnic's origination, history, culture, architecture. At the same time, some scholars focused on the architecture history, archaeology, cultural diversity and the evolution of settlement of Qiang, but the study of Qiang's architecture decoration is very rare.The research object is the Qiang's architecture decoration which area is in the upper of Minjiang river, collected the related data by field trip in area. Thinking about the natural environment and humane environment around the Qiang, combining with lots of reference. I analyzed the characteristics of Qiang's architecture and the influence from the geographical location and other nationalities around them. According to the characteristics of the research area,I divided the regional distribution into two parts to discuss. From the Han area by the Qiang area to the Tibetan areas is a line from north to south.It is the North South Line.And the other line is from the hinterland of Qiang to Tibet,is the East West Line. My thesis focus on the four aspects:the characteristics of different parts of the building decoration, the theme, the color and the cultural between Han and Tibetans.According to the analyze, architectural style shows two trends:one is the Han -Qiang-Tibetan from north to south, another one is from east to west of the Qiang -Tibetan variation trend. Therefore, long-term mixed culture makes great influence of the Qiang nationality architecture. At the same time, the Qiang architecture also retained their own unique nationality style, summarizes the general characteristic is:the cruel natural environment makes the Qiang national architecture have plain and simple style, the communication and merging of different ethnic groups and cultural makes a variety of decorative themes; national faith gives the Qiang architecture simple and elegant decoration color; the Qiang nationality architecture decoration connotate a long national history and profound cultural. Because of the destruction by the earthquake, Qiang area appeared a lot of modern Qiang's architecture, but they are different from the system and the structure of the traditional Qiang's architecture decoration. At the end of my thesis, the development of Qiang's architecture decoration and heritage of the Qiang cultural in the future are discussed.With the rapid social development, the rapid progress of science and the strong impact of modern culture, Qiang traditional cultural was contacted with many fresh elements, more and more people prefer to a comfortable living mode, many old architecture traditions, and related religion accessories is gradually out from the stage of history. For the Qiang people, perhaps this is new beginning, cause this is a new direction of the development of the modern Qiang. For the traditional culture of the Qiang, the new elements of decoration and the new architectural forms could be fresh blood of Qiang culture. However, the author thinks the excellent traditional culture of Qiang shouldn't be forgotten and abandoned. When the conflict with the modern and traditional culture of Qiang, the essence culture of Qiang should be remain. The author hopes the traditional culture of ethnic minorities can be developed with the society in the future, strengthened the protection and inheritance of the traditional culture of ethnic minorities. Landscape designers can reasonably use the traditional decorative symbols of ethnic minorities to improve their landscape design level, and respect the traditional culture of ethnic minorities, which are the significance of this thesis.