| The ethnic Qiang dwelling house has a long history and distinctive features. The ethnic Qiang living environment has changed a lot by 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake. In addition, modern ethnic Qiang dwelling house has gotten deep development and underlying evolvement as many aspects as system structure, function space, constructive technology, material updating, ecological energy-saving and culture integration etc. Because lack of theoretical researches and technical supports. There are many problems in the context of spontaneous transformations of Qiang Minority dwelling houses, which are breaking-off ecological dominance, discarding historical tradition and lost the national and regional culture. It’s a urgent to develop ethnic new Qiang dwelling house.Through such research methods as theoretical research, field study and physical environment testing, this thesis thoroughly investigates and analyzes traditional ethnic Qiang dwelling house, and explores and sorts out its core factors. The typical features of ethnic Qiang dwelling house lie in the harmonious mountain villages, unique art of Qiang towers, rustic stone-built building, concisely battered shapes, and the buildings with distinctive ethnic forms as enclosure building, overhang building and street-across building; its basic regional technical patterns include natural materials, same structure for grounds and houses, battered shapes, and thick and heavy walls; the gems of wisdom of ethnic Qiang people on plain natural and ecological views reflect on such aspects of house building as selecting places to avoid disasters, enhancing natural ventilation, and adapting to climate and geology. The construction of modern ethnic Qiang dwelling houses should still inherit and develop the inherent elements and the essence of thoughts embedded in the traditional ethnic Qiang dwelling houses.The design of ethnic Qiang new dwelling house should grasp the law of ethnic Qiang modern dwelling house development. From the integrated view of human settlement inhabited by the ethnic Qiang, this thesis analyzes many factors affecting the development of modern ethnic Qiang dwelling house, explores the contents and patterns of their influences, and first systematically summarizes the evolvement rules and development trends of modern ethnic Qiang dwelling houses. It manifests as the disintegration of dwellings’ functional constitution, the translocation of space, the change from alternative layout to rational bays, the change from raw-soil construction to modern compound construction, and the change of regional architecture culture from recognition to innovation.Based on the thought of green building designs, this thesis first puts forward the creation methods and approaches of ethnic Qiang new dwelling house, the basic principles of which are the natural environmental view featuring harmony and co-existence, the social-cultural views featuring same structure of houses and yards, and the technical view featuring economy and comfort. The same structure and co-existence dominated by natural environment, the inheritance and innovation affected by social and cultural factors, and the integration and blend restrained by economic and technological factors are its fundamental design strategies. In virtue of the research methods of architectural typology, this thesis discusses the creative construction approaches of the new dwelling houses from such perspectives as the adaption to architecture space, the application of appropriate technology and the continuity of ethnic Qiang’s architecture culture in the hope of finally achieving the promotion of architecture space, technology construction and cultural inheritance.Centering on the three aspects of the reconstruction of architecture space, the application of appropriate technology and the inheritance of regional architecture culture, this thesis first proposes a new dwelling house pattern of ethnic Qiang. Based on systematical analyses of the changes in rural living situation and dwelling ways and taking an overall consideration of land use policy, topographical condition, combination ways and structural mechanic, this thesis puts forward three types of land use and space pattern: one and a half fen of land, two fen of land, and two and a half fen of land, and finally accomplishes the sample design of combination plan.Raw-soil compound construction pattern is a construction strategy proposed based on the high intensity geological environment in ethnic Qiang region from the perspective of the dwelling structure’s selection and optimization and in view of the technology applicable, including three patterns, namely, the construction with stones, woods, and soils, the construction with the stone-concrete structure, and the construction with stone-steel frames. Ethnic Qiang regional language patterns achieve the continuity and inheritance of architecture construction culture by means of settlement space language, construction shape language, material texture language, vertical-plane decorative signs, and color language etc. Energy-conserving technology index focuses on providing the quantization parameter for the structure designs of roof, wall, door and window as well as promoting the green construction technology as material saving, land saving and renewable resources.Combing the construction methods and pattern theories of ethnic Qiang new dwelling house in this thesis, creative practices have been successfully completed in two rural settlements, Liangfengya Qiang stockade villages in Beichuan County and Maoxiang village in Mao County. Besides, this thesis also explores the possibility and feasibility of new dwelling houses in terms of diversified innovation.This paper aims at promoting the sustainable development of Qiang dwelling house houses. On the one hand provide technical guidelines for the new dwellings design, on the other hand, contribute to the protection and continuation of vulnerable ethnic traditional culture。... |
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