| In this paper,we take the Shenzhen Bay Park as the research area,which is the only one coastal leisure belt built in the intensive urban buildings in Shenzhen.The theory of plant community was used as theoretical basis,plant community characteristics were investigated,from the perspective of plant species composition,quantitative characteristics,diameter class distribution,seasonal structure and species diversity and other aspects to analysis;For the ornamental characteristics,composition and characteristics of flowers,fruit,leaf and stem of plant view of three distirct,A,B and C in Shenzhen bay park,which can provide scientific basis for species selection and landscape optimization;In addition,our research can be useful in plant landscaping in similar floristic region or types of urban forest park.The main results were as follows:(1)The general analysis of plants in Shenzhen Bay Park.There are a total of 183 species of garden plants,including 68 families,147 genera in A,B,C three zones at Shenzhen Bay Park.Among which,Arbor are 32 families,80 genera and 112 species;shrubs are 16 families,36 genera and 39 species;herbs are 20 families,31 genera and 32 species.Among 112 tree species,there are 15 kinds of deciduous species,97 kinds of evergreen;Among 39 kinds shrubs,there are 4 kinds of deciduous plants,35 kinds of evergreen plants.For the composition of plant families and genera of Shenzhen Bay Park,the more common application of families and genera are palms,Apocynaceae,Caesalpiniaceae,Myrtaceae,He Benke,Euphorbiaceae,Rubiaceae,Bignoniaceae,Sapindaceae and Verbenaceae etc..There are 72 species of native trees accounting for 39.3% of the total species,there are 49 species of native plants with a higher proportion of native trees accounting for 43.8% of the total tree species,and shrubs only 30.8%,what is more,foreign species accounted for 69.2%,accounted for only 34.4% herb native tree species,exotic species accounted for 65.6%.Shenzhen Bay Park was full use of the geographic advantage of native trees,in order to build the characteristics of a subtropical seaside Park,however,insufficient application of native shrubs,the introduction of high ornamental value and the excellent native shrubs should strengthen.(2)Analysis of the the plant configuration in three zone in Shenzhen Bay park.There are 49 tree species of 17 families and 36 genera in A region.There are 15 tree species of 11 families and 13 genera in B region.Zone B is composed by completely artificial plant communities,in the tree species view of families and genera,mainly from palm,Moraceae,Sterculiaceae,Apocynaceae.There are 58 species in the C region,which belongs to 23 families and 50 genera.Due to the Shenzhen Bay Park built near the time,plants are still in the buffer period,growth and development is very limited,and park management experience is insufficient,resulting in the maintenance of some of the species is not in place,and a lot of room for improvement for landscape plant community.(3)Analysis of the plant community distribution in Shenzhen Bay park.There are 141 species belonging to 56 families and 110 genera,of which 82 species of tree layer,43 shrub layer and 16 herb layer.In the plants sampled in the plots,a higher frequency are Australian wood duck feet,Hainan coconut,lobular crape myrtle,iris,Zoysia tenuifolia,Gao Shanrong,yellow egg flower,Pu Kui,osmanthus,Nerium oleander,Phoenix wood,Duranta,Schefflera,Ma Yingdan,spider orchid etc.Considering plant community biodiversity and comprehensive comparison of Margalef species richness index,Simpson index,Pielou uniformity index and Shannon Wiener index,we found that in tree layer: C > A > B,in shrub herb layer: A > C > B.Because palm plants accounted for absolute advantage in A region,which restricted the community diversity to some extent,species richness of A district and shrub herb layer diversity were higher in C area also showed flowering shrubs planting more in A zone,A region should increase tree species to strengthen the tree layer species diversity,and for C area,the shrub layer and herb layer should be strengthened.(4)Analysis of plant landscape configuration mode from the perspective of architectural space,road space,hillside space,square space in three districts of Shenzhen Bay Park.The overall plant configuration mode of the whole park is mainly three kinds: arbor + shrub + grass,arbor + grass,shrub + grass.Among them,A and C zone were mainly arbor + shrub + grass configuration model,and the B area was mainly arbor + grass,shrub + grass.Visible,A and C area of plant configuration space were relative more rich than the B area,a higher level of layers.However,the different levels of the community can make the whole plant of the overall plant is not so monotonous,it is conducive to ease the visual fatigue of tourists.(5)It is the most important to pay attention to seasonal aspects,more over,"flowers in spring,summer,autumn,winter dry" in plant landscape,through the rational allocation,to obtain the four seasons scenery.Shenzhen Bay Park flowering plants can be roughly divided into red,yellow and white color system,the concept of centralized flowering season were in the 2-9 months;leafy plant view can be annual ornamental,dominated by shrubs and herbs,with less trees configuration.The colors and shape of exotic tropical fruits made rich in autumn in the park.Regardless of the view of flower,leaf,fruit plant,and tree,shrub,all with color beauty,the posture beauty,elegance beauty,different plants have their own strengths.(6)In general,Shenzhen Bay Park is rich in plant species,the District plant configured in a variety of forms,levels of landscape are rich,native and exotic tree species have cited some ornamental excellent tree species,seasonal aspect had addition into plant configuration,which made the viewing points in four seasons.However,some native advantageous tree species configurations were too frequent,the characteristics of various small theme park itself is not expressed,Binhai Park plant configuration is too simple(almost all for palm plant community),ecological effects and ornamental of part failed to of the part of the plant and ornamental failed to integrate,being stretched at some point,less new ornamental plants introduced,the park plants mainly in landscaping,insufficient in collocation with other garden factors,cultural atmosphere of Science Popularization is not enough.In addition,park maintenance and management should be focused,plant introduction and configuration were urged to improve and strengthen in future. |
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