Investigation And Analysis For Standby Energy Consumption Of Electrical Appliances In Buildings And Energy-saving Potentials Associated With Behavior Based On Data Mining

The standby energy use(SEU)has accounted for a significnat part of the total building energy consumption.Studying the SEU and proposing effective strategies are of great importance in terms of reducing building energy consumption,thus promoting energy-saving.From the literature,previous research mainly focused on the SEU in developed countries,and the results were relatively difficult to directly apply to developing countries,especially for China.Meanwhile,limitations can inevitably appear for the existing methods for estimating such saving potentials.Firstly,they primarily evaluated it through upgrading appliances while a more practical way of improving behavior should be considered.Secondly,they do not take the impact of its influential factors such as the building area into account,and estimation accuracy would be significantly decreased,as a result.To address the above issues,this study investigated the SEU in Chinese rural residential buildings and the university buildings with fied measurements,and deeply analyzed the characteristics of the SEU in Chinese rural residential buildings and the university buildings.Then,a data mining-based method for estimating the saving potentials in Chinese rural residential buildings and the university buildings was proposed to further evaluate its the energy saving potential of SEU of these two types of buildings electrical appliances.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:The results show that the number of standby appliances in Chinese rural residential buildings is in the range from 3 to 20,with an average 11 sets of standby appliances per household,and its average standby power and the average annual SEU is 40W and 101 kWh respectively.After adopting three different energy savings scenarios(ie,electrical upgrading,occupant behavior changing and the combination),the average annual SEU of the surveyed household decreased by 72 kWh(71%),19 kWh(19%),and 79 kWh(78%),respectively.After applying these three methods into Chinese rural residential buildings,the annual SEU saving potential was estimated to be 12,952 GWh,3,084 GWh and 13,878 GWh,respectively.Thanks to a new method of gray relational analysis and cluster analysis dividing the residential household into four categories in the database,the total SEU reduction of Chinese rural residential buildings under the three scenarios was estimated to be 13,963 GWh,3,774 GWh,15,041 GWh respectively,accounting for 2.6%,0.7%and 2.8%of the total residential electricity consumption in Chinese rural areas.The results of the SEU research in Chinese university buildings show that the average standby power of laptops is 23.6 W,28.5 W,4.3 W,2.4 W,and it is 62.2 W,67.4 W,7.3 W,2.7 W for desktop computers in lock screen mode,screen saver mode,sleep mode and shutdown mode respectively.The average annual SEU of the computer is 35 kWh,accounting for 16%of the total energy consumption.After adopting three different energy savings scenarios(ie,reducing the standby power,improving the occupant standby behavior and the combination),the average annual SEU can be reduced by 29.0%,83.0%,97.5%.Applying these three methods to the whole country’s university students,its annual SEU nergy saving was estimated and turned out to be 261 GWh,732 GWh and 861 GWh respectively.After using the new method of principal component analysis and cluster analysis and dividing the sample users into four categories,the maximum energy saving potential of each type of users can be estimated to be 48 kWh,29 kWh,22 kWh and 16 kWh respectivelyIn conclusion,the results of this study will help us to understand the characteristics of the energy consumption and its energy saving potential in Chinese rural residential buildings and university buildings.Considering the significant differences in climate,social,economic and other factors in different regions of China,and these factors have a certain impact on the standby energy consumption and standby occupant behavior,future research should focus on collecting and analyzing more different types of buildings from different climate zones in China.These data can eventually form a comprehensive database.Based on the database and the methods proposed in this paper,we can further analyze the characteristics of energy consumption and identify its saving potential of the electrical appliances in different categories of buildings at different climate zones in China,so as to help the government and relevant institutions to formulate policies,realize building energy efficiency and reduce the CO2 emissions.