Occupant Behavior Simulation And Energy-Saving Strategy Of Office Building Based On The Perspective Of Complex System

The energy consumption of office buildings accounts for the largest proportion in public buildings and is the key focus of energy conservation of public buildings.Due to the rapid growth of the number and area of office buildings,it also intensifies the increase in energy consumption.Reasonable utilization and effective management of energy consumption of office buildings is an important link of the national energy conservation and emission reduction strategy.The reason for the significant difference in energy consumption of office buildings is not only the structure and energy system of the building itself,but also the occupant behavior,which cannot be ignored.In view of the shortcomings of existing research on the impact of occupant behavior on office building energy consumption,the acquisition of relevant occupant behavior data,and the construction of simulation model of occupant behavior,this study proposes to take office building occupant behavior as the main research object.Based on the complex adaptive system theory and the complex system simulation modeling method,the occupant behavior and energy consumption model of office building occupants were constructed,so as to set energy-saving optimization scenarios for existing office buildings and propose corresponding energy-saving strategies.First of all,this study defines office building energy consumption as the operation energy consumption in the process of building use,and defines occupant behavior in office buildings and the building energy consumption system generated,which is a typical complex adaptive system.It is necessary to learn from the theory and method of complex adaptive system to study the characteristics of occupant behavior in office buildings and the energy consumption problems generated.Based on adaptive agents of a large number of parameters,this study establishes cyclic feedback and correction between the environment,equipment and occupant agents in the office building system by giving corresponding interaction rules to user agents in the office building system,thus highlighting the global behavior of the office building system.Based on "change of state",this study divides occupant behavior into occupant movement behavior and occupant action behavior according to the change of occupant’s own state and the running state of control construction equipment.The characteristics of office building occupant behavior are summarized,including regularity,randomness,complexity and dynamics.Then,based on the dynamic process of occupant entity’s movement behavior,the movement behavior of office building occupants was extracted,the probability distribution function expression of various movement behaviors was defined,and the discrete event system model of occupant’s movement behavior was constructed.Based on the questionnaire survey data,through two-step clustering analysis,occupants are divided into four categories according to different types of occupant behaviors: green,energy-saving,ordinary and wasteful.Occupants and device agents are created in the Any Logic software environment,and the states of various agents are parameterized to build the multi-agent model of occupant actions behavior.By clarifying the interaction rules of each subject of occupant behavior,a DES-MAS(Discrete Event System-Multi Agent System,DES-MAS)model is constructed to describe the heterogeneous occupant behavior system of office building occupant.Then,the content boundary of office building energy consumption system was determined to include environment,building,equipment,users and their occupant behavior.The system model boundary was defined as endogenous variable,random variable and deterministic variable,and two feedback loops of lighting demand and cooling demand formed by the interaction between office building occupants and environment were analyzed.The storage flow diagram of lighting,computer and air conditioning energy consumption was drawn,and the variable elements of system dynamics simulation model were defined in Any Logic simulation environment.The system dynamics variables and parameters freely defined in the DES-MAS office building occupant behavior model are used as the driving force to drive the changes of the storage flow of the office building energy consumption system dynamics simulation model,and a multi-method integrated model of office building based on complex system simulation is constructed.Set the data import and transformation of the simulation model,including the data layer,the main layer,the configuration layer and the presentation layer.Through parameter mapping,complete the construction of the overall structure from the physical layer of the real system to the system layer of the simulation model.Finally,a university office building in Nanjing is selected as a case to simulate the energy consumption of complex system of office building occupants.Import Revit model into Any Logic simulation model to complete the setting of model scenes,complete the setting of occupant behavior parameters based on questionnaire survey and field observation,and determine the interaction rules of each main body of office buildings.June 2022 was selected as the simulation time to calculate the simulation energy consumption data of the case office building.By comparing the measured data,the rationality and validity of the model were verified.According to system simulation results and actual energy consumption data,lighting and air conditioning energy consumption accounts for more than 80% of the energy consumption of office buildings.By further analyzing the causes of energy consumption,it is found that the energy consumption of office buildings can be effectively reduced by changing the occupant behavior.By analyzing the influencing factors of office building energy consumption and starting from the human factors(including indoor environmental conditions,building operation and maintenance,occupant activities and behaviors),this study finally puts forward the energy-saving optimization strategy of office building from three aspects: the transformation of energy-saving equipment,the optimization of equipment operation system and energy-saving management,and the strengthening of organizational intervention and occupant interaction.