Study On Outdoor Environment Design Of Kindergarten Based On Forest Education Concept

In recent years,the concept of Forest Education with special emphasis on outdoor learning process and practice has attracted more and more attention from governments and educational experts all over the world.However,based on the current problems of urban land of value in Shandong Province,the regional and accessibility of kindergartens,the construction model of the foreign forest kindergarten can not be directly copied.It is necessary to explore the design model of the outdoor environment of kindergarten based on the concept of Forest Education,which is suitable for present situation of Shandong Province.Therefore,this study is based on physical and psychological characteristics and the way of thinking of preschool children,take Forest Education concept and related landscape design theory as theoretical support.Based on a systematic survey and analysis of the famous cases of domestic and foreign forest kindergartens and the outdoor environment of 31 kindergartens in five cities of Shandong Province.The Forest Education Concept is integrated into the design practice of outdoor environment of Tai'an ivy experimental kindergarten with China-USA cooperation in Tai'an City,which provides reference for the design of kindergarten outdoor environment based on the concept of Forest Education in the future.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Research on environmental design theory of kindergarten based on Forest Education Concept.Through the analysis of the outdoor environment and teaching characteristics of domestic and foreign forest kindergartens,three essential elements in outdoor environment of the forest kindergartens are summarized,which are spacious and beautiful natural woodland environment,outdoor facility of natural material,pavement and education elements,outdoor space with function of Forest Education.Based on basic elements of outdoor environment of forest kindergartens and current national conditions.The construction of "mini type" forest kindergarten with 6-10 mu outdoor space is of great practical significance,its design ofoutdoor environment has following 4 principles: the principle of environmental ecology,the principle of young children's subjectivity,the principle of nature material and the principle of exploratory education.(2)Field investigation to outdoor environment in kindergarten.The outdoor environment of 31 kindergartens in five cities of Shandong Province was investigated.Research results are as follows:There were no forest-type kindergartens based on Forest Education in Shandong Province.In different degree,problems such as insufficient outdoor activities space,insufficient green area,heavy artificiality of landscape material,lack of educational elements existed.However,most parents,preschool teachers and kindergarten directors had great expectations to forest kindergarten,hoping to improve the quality of the outdoor environment of kindergarten,enhance naturalness and ecological index of environment in kindergarte,reduce artificiality in design of outdoor environment of kindergarten,and increase educational elements in the outdoor environment design.(3)Design practice of outdoor environment in kindergarten based on Forest Education.On the basis of theoretical analysis and field investigation,the concept of Forest Education is integrated into outdoor environment design of experimental kindergarten with China-US cooperation in Tai'an.According to modern-garden-style space design under the concept of Forest Education,space design of original material and art collocation under the concept of Forest Education,and space design of Forest Education under the integration of educational elements,the design practice was carried out,which can provide reference for future outdoor environment design of kindergarten based on the concept of Forest Education.