| In recent years,because of the rapid development of society,the pace of people’s life has become faster and the demand for travel is increasing.The rapid increase of social activities not only brings happiness to people’s lives,but also hidden a lot of security risks.In large public places,people are more concentrated,the proportion of people is variable,and the building structure is complex.Once an unexpected event is encountered,minor disturbances will cause serious crowds and stampede accidents.People’s subjective movement will gradually be replaced by aimless passive motion under high density of panic,and group movements become more uncontrollable,which is not conducive to pedestrians’ safe evacuation.Therefore,how to evacuate personnel to safe locations quickly and effectively is a hot issue to be solved in today’s society.It is very important for ensuring the safety of personal property.Only relying on the expansion channel,increasing the capacity of building and other hardware facilities is not only costly,but also has many external constraints.Some lack of scientific basis for evacuation facilities often fail to achieve the desired results.So we need to study from the complex characteristics of pedestrian flow,clarify various macro and micro characteristics of pedestrian movement,reveal its formation mechanism and impact mechanism,and explore the impact of external environment on pedestrian flow,so as to provide reasonable suggestions and theoretical basis for scientific planning and effective evacuation facilities of pedestrians.First of all,this paper collated the relevant literature on pedestrian flow,briefly introduced the research of the fundamental diagrams and the development of the pedestrian dynamics model.Then from the two angles of experiment and theory,the influence of the external sound signals on the movement of pedestrian flow was explored,and the situation of the dense crowd was analyzed.In this paper,a one-dimensional pedestrian flow control experiment was designed.The experiment was divided into 5 groups of different working conditions,so that participants(college students)can move along different trajectories according to the specified requirements,and get motion data parameters under different sound signals.By contrast,the normal walking frequency is between 102 BPM and 107 BPM.Considering the frequency of the sound signals,the low frequency can improve the pedestrian traffic capacity.Compared to the content of sound signals,it was found that regular sound signals can effectively increase pedestrian flow by enhancing the step synchronization.As the step synchronization ratio decreases,the pedestrian traffic also decreases.This is consistent with the results of the theoretical analysis.Difference of experiment conditions and populations(e.g.body size)results in the minimum headway difference,by comparing China,German,Japan,France and India.Microscopic behaviors like lock-step and stop-go should be responsible to the difference of the adaption time.Not only do the minimum headway and the adaption time but also the transition point change with both acoustic rhythm and content,by controlling ratios of step synchronization and ‘stop-go’.Finally,based on the previous models,this paper made more detailed discretization of space and time,and proposed a multi-speed field cellular automata model that can simulate pedestrian heterogeneity,anisotropy and temporal correlation.Comparing the simulated output results with previous data,the scientific and applicability of the model was verified.The model was as a complement of experimental research. |
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