Research On UAV Cluster Technology For Emergency Situations

With the rapid development of science and technology such as computers,communications,and sensors,drones have become more and more important and have been widely used in everyday scenes,military operations,and emergency rescue.The drone cluster consisting of multiple drones has become a hot spot for research because it can perform more complex tasks.Especially in emergency situations such as earthquake disasters,the use of UAV clusters for relay communications and target monitoring can greatly improve the efficiency of the rescue.In the current related research,little consideration is given to the charging requirements of UAVs,long-term continuous coverage of disaster-affected areas,limited drone-connected equipment,connectivity of drone cluster networks,and covered nodes.The actual situation of the mobility and so on,this article is based on these conditions,based on the drone cluster coverage issues indepth study.This paper first summarizes the UAV cluster and introduces its features,applications,and key technologies.Based on the above studies,this paper mainly studied three issues: First,the problem of drone clusters covering a number of key areas in the affected area for a long time and minimizing the number of drones;and second,drones in key areas in the disaster area.The problem of maximizing the location of fixed nodes is a matter of deployment.The third problem is tracking and monitoring of moving targets.For the first question,this paper first models the problem and proves that the problem is NP-complete.Then a solution is proposed.First,the area is evenly divided into multiple sub-areas.Then the entire coverage map is divided into multiple rings.Each ring covers several sub-areas and only one additional drone is required.The number of final rings That is the number of additional drones needed.At the same time,for each ring,a theorem is proved,which can calculate the number of additional drones required for each ring based on the drone charging time,coverage time,flight time,and the number of sub-areas covered by the ring..Finally,a complete algorithm CCLE is proposed and the algorithm is simulated with the energy consumption model of the drone.It can be found that the CCLE algorithm can effectively reduce the number of additional drones relative to the direct method.For the second question,we propose a new method combining genetic algorithm and hill-climbing algorithm.It is implemented in two stages: the first stage uses a genetic algorithm to roughly deploy the drone in the affected area;the second stage is a finetuning stage,and the drone will move around the position obtained in the first stage and use the hill-climbing algorithm to further Increase the number of ground-covering nodes.Finally,the simulation results show that this method has higher coverage rate in the condition of ensuring the drone cluster network connectivity.For the third problem,we first introduce the FCM algorithm and cover set problem,and then describe the problems to be studied in detail and gives the corresponding system model.The FCM algorithm is proposed to cluster the nodes.Each cluster is a coverage set.Then the CSCM algorithm to solve the coverage set problem is used to calculate the position of the drone and the direction of the camera.Then two specific algorithms are proposed: PFA and LIFA.Finally,two models of node movement are proposed: RWP,RPG and MH.Then simulate the algorithm for the three models respectively to verify the effectiveness of the above algorithm.