Study On The Train Fire Risk And Safety Evacuation At Badaling Great Wall Station

Badaling Great Wall Station of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Intercity Railway is the deepest underground railway station in China.The structure of the station is complex and the space is closed.In the event of a train fire accident,high-temperature smoke will seriously endanger the lives of the people in the station.At present,the study on the control of train fire smoke and evacuation in underground stations lacks consideration of the dynamic development of fire and the effects of herding behavior.In view of that,relying on Badaling Great Wall Station,this paper adopts the methods of numerical simulation and theoretical analysis to carry out the research on the danger and smoke control of underground stations based on the dynamic development of the train fire and the study of evacuation based on herding behavior.The main results are as follows:(1)The influence of ventilation conditions and passenger baggage on the fire development of the EMU carriage is discussed.The cracking behavior of the glass of the windows and interior doors in the carriage is analyzed.And the flashover time and heat release rate of the initial fire carriage and the adjacent carriages are determined.(2)Based on the temperature and visibility control standards,the dangerous areas of the underground station platform at different stages of the train fire are given,and the available safety evacuation time in different areas of the platform are obtained.The critical velocity of the tunnel and evacuation passages and the critical extraction amount of smoke are studied at different stages of the train fire,and the parameters to control the train fire smoke are obtained.(3)The influences of herding behavior on exit choice and evacuation time are analyzed,and the most disadvantageous exit is determined.Comparing the available evacuation time and the necessary evacuation time,the numbers of dangerous persons with different herding behavior are given.The degree of exit clogging is studied,the optimal width of the exit to prevent clogging is determined,and the criteria for judging the exit clogging is formulated.Based on herding behavior,the accident risk of crowd crushing and trampling in clogging exit is discussed,and the risk probabilities of different widths exits are obtained.