Population Monitor And Re-introduction Of Phalaenopsis Pulcherrima Lindl.(Orchidaceae) In The Original Habitat

Population monitoring is an important part of protection ecology of endangered plants. It is helpful to understand how and why the size and community of population have changed. That studyies on the dynamic changes of P. pulcherrima know the present situation as well as how the population will be in the future. Re-introduction is a new protective strategy for the endangered plants, which introduces some species into natural environments, let them grow by itself, and finally merging into the environments. However, the technology system of re-introduction is not mature. The exploration of re-introduction technology on P. pulcherrima is not reported and it is useful to protect them in natural conditions.Phalaenopsis pulcherrima is an endemic orchid in Southeast Asia. It has extremely ornamental value as its beautiful and colourful flowers. The wild resources are reducing day by day as habitats and over-collection. In this research, the dynamic change of population and re-introduction technology of P. pulcherrima in Bawangling nature reserve in Hainan Island have been investigated, the results are as follows:(1) The families and generas of the accompanying plants to P. pulcherrima community are variety and the floristic geographic elements are complicate. There are 68 species belong to 60 generas and 36 families within this community, while 69.44% of the families include only one genera and 70.06% genara include only one species.35% of the 60 generas belong to pantropical floristic elements.(2) The studies on the niche breadth and niche overlap of Phalaenopsis pulcherrima community showed that the niche breadth value of P. pulcherrima and the niche overlap with other species are greater. The niche breadth value of P. pulcherrima with red leaf dorsal (2.71) is wider than that species with green leaf dorsal (2.00); and the niche overlap between the two ecotype of P. pulcherrima are great (0.91).(3) The two ecotype of P. pulcherrima are declining in population. The distribution pattern of the two ecotype of P. pulcherrima is clumped dispersion; among them, the numbers of younger seedlings are lesser than the aged ones. The survival curves were Deevey-1 type. The Leslie matrix model predicted that P. pulcherrima population would continuously decrease in the next 20 years.(4) After two years'monitor, the results showed that the dynamic changes of P. pulcherrima were variety in different size classes. The growth and reproduction between the two ecotype of P. pulcherrima were different. The higher death rate appeared in the plants with 1 and 12 size-classes. The growth situation was similar between the two ecotype of P. pulcherrima, while, in individuals, the plants with green leaf dosal grow higher than those with red leaf dorsal, while the declining rate of the plants with green leaf dosal is less than that ones with red leaf dosal.(5) The reproduction could decline their population. The results showed that the community with more individual flowering in 2011 had a great decreased in population than those no individual flowering, which is more obvious in green dorsal ones.(6) Habits greatly affected the the survival rate of reintroduction of P. pulcherrima, also, the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi could effectively promote the growth and improve the survive rate of the reintroduced seedlings in natural conditions. The results showed that the average growth of seedlings that inoculated fungi were significantly higher than those without fungi in both laboratory and natural habitat. Among the four fungi of..........., NO.D 1 was the best ones. The seedlings reintroduced in habitat WX1 (brook) survived more and grew better. However, during the dry season, most seedlings in the three habitats of were dead. In D6 habit with drought conditions, the effect of fungi on the death rate of the reintroducted seedlinss was lesser than the other habits.