Characteristic The Research Of Characteristic On Apple Germplasm Resources In Xinjiang

The aim of this study was to realize the characteristics and their differences of local and introduced apple cultivars in Xinjiang, for protection of local apple cultivars and breeding new varieties.66 local and introducted apple cultivars in Xinjiang were studied in this experiment. We investigated and measured phenology, flower and fruit, leaf area, physical characteristics of annual branch and fruit quality of all cultivars. The results showed that:(1) Most local apple cultivars of Xinjiang flowering in the middle April,and ripening stage from the early and middle Auguest to early October, those stage was earlier than introduced apple cultivars. Its date distribution of flowering and ripening stage was wider than introducted apple cultivars. There were little differences of corolla diameter between local and introduced apple cultivars in Xinjiang. The length and width of annual banch of local apple cultivars of Xinjiang was smaller than introduced apple cultivars, but the local apple cultivars which distributed in Yili area were similar with introduced apple cultivars.(2) Most fruit shape index and flesh of local apple cultivars of Xinjiang, which were similar with introduced apple cultivars, were 0.6-0.9 and yellowish white. The fruit weight of most local apple cultivars were small-middle size type. And most fruit texture was multifarious. But the fruit weight of most introduced apple cultivars were middle-big size type. And most fruit texture was crispy flesh type. The fruit firmness, content of vitamin C and titratable acid were higher than introduced apple cultivars, the content of titratable acid was twice as introduced apple cultivars. The fruit total soluble solid of most local apple cultivars were lower than introduced apple cultivars, and the ratio of total soluble solid with titratable acid was 1/2 as introduced apple cultivars. Its date distribution of fruit shape, type and quality were wider than introducted apple cultivars. There were little differences of fruit physical and chemical characteristics between local apple cultivars of Xinjiang which distributed in Yili area and introducted apple cultivars.(3)’Sangguiqiaerma’,’Hongrouguo’,’Xiahongrou’ and so on could be used as parents in the crossbreeding of early maturing variety.’Kalaaerma’,’ziguohaitang’,’Dongsuantian’ and so on were suitable be used as special varieties for juice extraction, or as parents in crossbreeding for their higher content of titratable acid and vitamin C,better resistance.’Keziaerma’,’Dongsuantian’,’Sangguiqiaerma’ were suitable be used as special varieties for ornamental varieties,or as parents in crossbreeding for their beautiful red colour of fruit and leaf.