Analysis On The Change Trend Of Summer Soybean Breeding From The Regional Test Results In Anhui Province

Content: Collected the annual report data of soybean variety regional test in Anhui province from 2000 to 2013, by statistical analysis of yield, agronomic traits, quality,disease resistance, stress resistance, compared with the domestic and international trend of soybean breeding, we find out the cultivars parameter variation tendency in Anhui Province, then make forward the development proposals of soybean breeding in Anhui, as reference for the soybean breeders. Statistical analysis results are as follows:1)Traits related to yield: Including the yield per unit area, yield increase, pod number per plant, grain number per plant, 100 seed weight. Every trait has the maximum value,average value and the minimum value, each was counted and analysed respectively. The results showed that the average yield did not significantly increase, the average number was about 175 kg per 666.67 square metres; the 14 years average yield increase rate with an average of 2.71%; the average number of pods per plant is from32 to 40, the average grain number per plant from 60 to 80, seed number per pod is approximately equal to 2; but100-seed-weight showed a trend of increase, total increase was about 4 grams, annual increase about 0.3 grams.2) Agronomic traits: the average main stem height between 60 cm and 80cm; the peak at about 90 cm, the minimum value is above 40cm; the average pod height 14.6-20.4cm, after the year 2008 at 17-19cm; average node number 15-16; the number of branches on the main stem changed between 1.2 and 3.3) Growth period: the average growth period in 100-110 days, including 12 years in100-105 days, 8 years in 100-101 days. In the same test, the yield of early maturing varieties were lower than that of late ones.4) Quality: quality analysis was carried out after 2005. The results showed that the protein content was generally high, the average was more than 41%, in 2008 and 2009 the value was 45.17% and 45.10% respectively, it reached to a high protein standard. The fat content was higher, too, the average value was between 18.88% and 21.24%, but it did not meet the standard of high oil varieties.5) Disease resistance: Including resistance to lodging, soybean mosaic virus disease(including SC-3 and SC-7), soybean cyst nematode(SCN-1). The average lodging value between 0.5 and 1.6, the lodging resistance was medium. Enhanced resistance occurred in the varieties to soybean mosaic virus disease and the trend were stable. According to the the disease index, resistance to SC-3 was better than that to SC-7. Soybean cyst nematode resistance identification results within only 4 years, but the statistics show that the resistance to SCN-1 increased gradually.From the above data, we can see the soybean breeding trend in Anhui province: from only focus on production yield change to focus on all the yield, quality, resistance, and so on;maturity from early to mid; quality from only high protein to high protein, high oil, and others; develop variety with large grain to meet the market demand; pay more attention to develop the varieties with more pods and more grain number; to improve the stability of resistance, and from single to multiple; more adaptable to mechanization production.Investigation on the present situation of foreign and domestic soybean varieties, high yielding is still the primary goal in soybean breeding. Synthesis of soybean production status and future situation, suggestions for the development of soybean varieties in Anhui province were put forward as below:(i) to strengthen the research on soybean genetic resources in traditional technology and biological engineering.(ii) improve breeding technology, expand the breeding goals.(iii) to strengthen the hybrid soybean breeding,mining production potential.(iv) to strengthen the technology researching in cultivation,speeding up the transformation of achievements, to develop the production potential of the new varieties as much as possible.(v) to avoid duplication and blindly inefficiencies during the working.(vi) regular technical training and regular regional test’s supervision,to ensure the scientific and fair trials.