Evolutionary Analysis Of Soybean Varieties In Henan Province

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] originated from china, is one of important sources of vegetable protein and edible oil world widely. Huang-huai-hai region is one of a main soybean producing region in china, the area of soybean planting have been changed between 2.7 million and 7.5 million hm2, the areas are about 30%-60% of the areas of china soybean plants. Total yield of soybean between 2 million and 5 million ton. Meanwhile, this region is also one of main wheat producing region in China, wheat-soybean, the plant system of double cropping a year is a feature of this region. Henan province at the central and biggest province of huang-huai-hai soybean planting region, and play a decisive role in history of soybean production in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. Since the mid-1970s, there are many soybean varieties have been placed in agricultural production. These varieties play a very important role in improving the yield and quality of soybean which were planted in huang-huai-hai region.The data which observed form traits of soybean strains participate in region test and the soybean varieties through examination since 1985 were used to analysis. We analyzed each character of strains which take part in region test and the examination variety nearly more than 20 years in Henan Province to reveal the evocated rule; and analyze the relationships among character traits, quality traits, resistance traits and yield; the varieties was clustered according to resistance traits and quality traits respectively, and the result can be used as reference to help plant breeder.The results of research analysis indicate the yield of strains is increase, the yearly output of yield change about 673.50kg/hm2. The evolution of pods of per plant is correlated significantly with yield. Growth period and 100 grain weight are not obvious change tendency, lodging resistance, pods per plants and height are increase, pods per plants increased significantly among different traits and a increase of 34.5 per plant. Growth period and height increased by 16 and 24.3cm separately. The resistance of stains includes SMV and Grain sickness spot rate, the resistance is generally improved but insignificantly. The means of grain sickness spot rate increased by 3.19 among The Tenth Five Years Plan, but changing significantly among years. After 1990, the resistances of SMV among strains have changed insignificantly.Results of the research indicate that the yield of varieties increased by 858.20kg/hm2 in the past 23 years. Comparing with the increasing of strains yield, the increase of the average yield of varieties more stably and increasing year by year. Traits which affect the evolution of the yield of varieties are growth period, pods per plant and disease index of SMV. The disease index of SMV and yield are negative correlation, and the coefficient of determination of simple regression about SMV is 0.61 which is bigger than others. Wholly, height,100-seed weight and lodging resistance are increasing, but changing significantly among years. Before 2000, the protein content changes insignificantly, after 2000, the protein content decreeing year by year. Fat content has increased year by year. The results of Correlation analysis indicate there are negative correlation between fat content and protein content. The SMV resistance of varieties has improved very significantly, but the grain sickness spot rate has changed insignificantly.In the past half century, there are five times to replace representative soybean varieties in Henan province. One degree of freedom ANOVA indicate that the average of representative soybean yield increase significantly between third changing and fifth changing, the average of pods of per plant increasing significantly, disease index of SMV has decreased significantly。Other traits of soybean representative varieties has changed insignificantly.The quality traits of varieties can be classified into three types based on clustering analysis method, the average protein contents in the second cluster is the highest. This cluster include YuDou No.4, YuDou No.21, YuDou No.25, YuDou No.7, YuDou No.17, Zheng 9525, YuDou No.10, YuDou No. 12 and Zheng 92116. The average fat content in the third cluster is the highest. This cluster includes YuDou No.11, Zheng 59, PuDou 6018, YuDou No.15, ZhengDou 30, YuDou No.18, ZhuDou 9715, ZhouDou 12, PingDou No.12 and KaiDou No.4.The cluster analysis of resistance traits indicate that the varieties can be classified into 4 kinds, the average of disease index of SMV in the second cluster is lowest, this cluster include Zheng 9525, PingDou No.1, KaiDou No.4, Zheng 59, Zheng 9805 and Zheng 120. There is one variety which is YuDou No.2, grain sickness spot rate of this variety is lowest.