Isolation And Identification Of A Penicillium Strain And Its Effect On Reducing The Apple Replant Disease

Effects of Penicillium oxalicum A1 manure on the environment of soil microorganism and physiological characteristics of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings were investigated in pot experiments from February 2014 to November 2015, and Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings and the soils of 25 years apple orchard were as the test materials. Tests were started in research center of apple engineering technology, school of horticulture science, Shandong agricultural university. The main results were as follows:1.That Penicillium oxalicum A1 had better inhibitory effect on four kinds of Fusarium sp. of the apple replant disease under laboratory conditions. By using a potato medium and a corn flour medium, Penicillium oxalicum A1 was respectively confrontation test with Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium solani. It could inhibit growth of hypha of F. oxysporum、F. moniliforme、F. proliferatum and F. solani to a variable extent, and increased by 42.0%, 74.0%, 47.0% and 54.5% on the potato medium, and the coefficient of antagonism could be reached Ⅱ or Ⅰ. Similarly, growth of hypha was increased by 60.5%, 82.2%, 68.4% and 53.4% and the coefficient of antagonism could be reached Ⅱ or Ⅰon the corn flour medium.2.Penicillium oxalicum A1 manure was significantly enhanced the biomass of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings. Compared with the control, pot experimental results showed that frest weight and dry weight of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings were obviously increased by function of Penicillium oxalicum A1 manure, and were 2.5 and 2.4 times respectively higher than the control, so Penicillium oxalicum A1 manure could reduce the apple replant disease to a certain extent.3.That Penicillium oxalicum A1 manure could increase significantly physiological property of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings.Compared with the control, the treatment of A1 manure improved the net photosynthesis rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate remarkably, separately by 10.7%, 62.5%, 36.2%, 8.1%. and increased the contents of chlorophyll a、the chlorophyll b and carotenoid in leaves of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings, separately by 28.9%, 38.1%, 35.0%. Compared with the control, A1 manure could increase significantly respiration rate and t he activities of antioxidant enzymes on seedlings of Malus hupehensis Rehd. The respiration rate was increased by 59.0%. While activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT)was separately increased by 28.9%, 38.1% and 35.0%.4. Penicillium oxalicum A1 could better colonization grown in apple replanted soil. Compared the T1 with the T3, the number of A1 strain of the treatment of A1 manure(T1) in July, August and September basically maintained at around 4.0×105 in soil. But the quantity of A1 in the soil which was treated by spore(T3) was basically maintained at 4.0×103. T1 was 100 times respectively higher than the T3. It showed that manure carrier can make for better growth of Penicillium oxalicum A1 in apple replanted soil.5.At the same time, the gene copy number of soil Fusarium oxysporum was detected by using real-time fluorescence quantitative technique and found that Penicillium oxalicum A1 could inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum, and could be ulteriorly studied as an antagonism strain to control the apple replant disease.