Effect Of Different Hosts On The Bacterial Diversity Of Nasonia Vitripennis

Insects are the most diverse populations on the Earth. The distribution of insects covers all over the world. Their successful adaptation to various environments not only depends on their unique physiological structure, but also thanks to its symbiotic bacteria. The relationships of symbiotic bacteria and insects are very close, Many symbiotic bacteria present in mycetome. They co-evolved with their insect hosts. The unique physical structure of insects provides a comfortable and stable living environment to symbiotic bacteria, and symbiotic bacteria are involved in a variety of living processes of insects, such as nutrition, immunity, reproduction, survival fitness, and so on.Insect bacterial diversity is subjected to multiple effectors. Different organizational structures, different feeding, different stages of development as well as different geographical and climate environments have an impact on the diversity of insect bacteria. Due to different organizational structures and feeding preference, the difference of bacterial diversity is very significant in different species. Even the same species, the bacterial diversity will change dramatically with different outside environments.Nasonia vitripennis is a complete metamorphosis parasitic wasp. Its hosts range widely, such as some species of Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae. Its growth process includes four satges: egg, larva, pupa and adult, and the former three stages of N. vitripennis are spent in the pupa of fly. The nutrients needed for development of N.vitripennis is entirely obtained from the fly pupae.There were some reports of the impact of the external environment on the incects' bacteria diversity, the close relationship of insects and host has also been reported, however, the bacterial study of insects with endoparasitic relationship has not been reported, do insect hosts affect the bacterial diversity of parasitic insects? To discuss this question, we use Nasonia vitripennis as parasitic insect, and Sarcophaga marshalli pupa, Musca domestica pupa, Lucilia sericata pupa as hosts. Based on 16 S rDNA high-throughput sequencing results, we discussed the effects of three different pupa on the bacterial diversity the Nasonia vitripennis. The main results are as follows:?1?The bacteria of S. marshalli pupa, M. domestica pupa, and L. sericata pupa differentiate a lot from each other. The highest abundant bacterial genus of L. sericata, M. domestica and S. marshalli are Providencia, Myroides, Massilia, respectively.?2? The main bacteria of N. vitripennis changes with three different hosts. The highest abundant bacterial genus of N. vitripennis with hosts of L. sericata, M. domestica and S. marshalli are Gluconobacter, Staphylococcus, Proteus and Providencia respectively. With three different fly pupa as host, bacterial structures and abundance of N. vitripennis differentiate a lot, so different pupa host has a significant effect on bacterial diversity of N. vitripennis.?3? Many relatively low abundance bacterial genus only present in one pupa and its related N. vitripennis. In N. vitripennis and the L. sericata pupa host, there has the maximum number of unique genus, these genus include: Rhodococcus, Aeromonas, Aquamicrobium, Camelimonas, Caulobacter, Cloacibacterium, Flavobacterium, Paracocccus, Pseudoxanthomonas, Rhizobiaceae_unclassified, Xanthobacteraceae_unclassified, Hydrogenophaga, Prevotella, Gordonia. M. domestica pupa and N. vitripennis using it as host obtained a relatively high abundance genus, including: Atopostipes, Brochothrix, Carnobacterium, Corynebacterium, Flaviflexus, Globicatella, Helcococcus, Olivibacter, Microbacteriaceae_unclassified, Actinomyces, Sanguibacter. In S. marshalli pupa and its N. vitripennis, this unique species is much less, mainly contain Haemophilus, Methylobacterium, Propionibacterium, Sphingobium. These lower abundance of bacteria is likely to be transmit from fly pupa to N. vitripennis by feeding.?4? Wolbachia has a significant effect on the bacterial community structure of fly pupa and N. vitripennis. The highest abundant bacteria of Wolbachia-infected S. marshalli pupa is Providencia, with in Wolbachia-uninfected S. marshalli pupa, the most abundant genus is Massilia; Wolbachia and Proteus are the most abundant advantages genus in Wolbachia infected N. vitripennis, however, in Wolbachia uninfected N. vitripennis, the most abundant species is Proteus and Providencia.The presence of Wolbachia decreased correlation between other bacteria. most the genus OTU proportions decline, but the OUT proportion of some species rises due to the presence of Wolbachia. These genus were largely influenced by Wolbachia: Proteus, Providencia, Enterobacteriaceae_unclassified, Solibacillus, Clostridium_sensu_stricto₁. in the genus, Solibacillus and Methylocystis were presented only in Wolbachia infected N. vitripennis and its Wolbachia infected S. marshalli pupa host, SPSS analysis showed that the spearman rank correlation of both Solibacillus and Methylocystis with Wolbachia and is positive, but significant test is null, so it is probably because both Solibacillus and Methylocystis are less abundant in Wolbachia infected N. vitripennis, but the OTUs number of Solibacillus and Methylocystis has increased abundance with the presence of Wolbachia, and these two species may have a symbiotic relationship with the Wolbachia. Except Solibacillus and Methylocystis, The speraman rank correlation of other genus with Wolbachia is negative and showed significant correlation, that is, when samples were infected by Wolbachia, the abundance of these species decreased, indicating these genus and Wolbachia may have competing relationship.