| The area of study for impacts of climate changes on nomadic animal husbandry and living of herders based on herders'observation, approaches and experiences has been drawing quite much attention of researchers in last years. Our study became a new kind of work that made evaluations comparing data of weather stations collected for many years and data of remote sensing, as well as, determining changes in nature, climate and pastureland based on field routes method and herders'observation, approaches and experiences.Field measurement and data gathering work of the research work "'Fundamental research on degradation of pastureland and earth of Bulgan province, and factors affecting"' had been carried out between June 25 and August 01,2014.As result of the study, crop samples had been taken from 250 points that can fully represent territories of 16 soums and natural-geographical zones of the province, and appropriate records had been made. In addition to, vegetation records had been made from about 271 points, and appropriate measurements and samples had been taken.For the purpose of renovating utilization map of pastureland made in 2011 according the methodology that the main factor affecting earth degradation of pastureland and changes of pastureland is use of pastureland and overload of carrying capacity of pastures, location of winter and spring quarters, and watering points, newly built in 2011-2014, had been determined, and data of records of owners and users thereof, as well as, number of cattle had been gathered.An opinion poll-sociological study with 42 queries regarding negative trends of pastureland use, changes of pastures, and how to change and improve them, had been conducted for over 20 selected herder-families of each soum. Moreover, changes of vegetation cover (NDVI) throughout Bulgan province had been determined using images of Landsat satellite with accuracy of 30 and 15 meters taken in June, July and August,2005-2014 or months with highest vegetation cover, which had been processed with ENVI 5.1 comparing to data of last ten years, and NDVI, precipitation and temperature correlations had been calculated with SPSS program.Factors affecting deterioration of pastureland, and changes of earth covering had been determined as results of the research work, developed using data of field measurements and remote sensing, as well as, research methods, had been integrated, compared and concluded. Comparison of vegetation cover changes (NDVI) using data of Landsat satellite for June-August,2005-2014 shows the mid-part of the province territory had been more affected, and it's considered that social factors, such as growth of cattle number and population centralization etc., have more effect thereon in addition to natural factors such as precipitation and temperature etc.For the purpose of comparing and confirming results of Landsat satellite image with accuracy of 30 and 15 meter, and above research work, it was calculated correlation of vegetation cover projection and NDVI values on 60 field points representing 245 points where appropriate studies carried out in 2014. As result, correlation between projection cover and NDVI value was high which was highest at 0.1 level. It was also calculated changes and correlation between temperature, precipitation and NDVI value selecting 3 soums representing natural zones of Bulgan province using data of weather stations of Bulgan province and Landsat satellite images with accuracy of 30 and 15 meters. When doing this average temperatures of June, July and August, and sum of precipitation of April-September had been compared to the average value of NDVI of June, July and August. While the value of NDVI is increased as per increase of temperature in Teshig soum, northern part of the province, or forest-steppe, it is less dependent in Saikhan soum, mid-part of the province which has low changes dependent on precipitation (because of sufficient humidity), and it shows significant changes in southern part (Rashaant soum)-dry steppe region. |
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