Study On Preservation Of Pollen And Self-compatibility Of Camellia Oleifera

Camellia oleifera is one of the world's four major oil trees which originate in China,and it has cultivated in our country about 2300 years.China has the world's largest oil tea production around the world.Camellia oleifera with a higher overall value which is a treasure upper and lower.At this stage,developing the oil tea industry has a great effect on the ecological environment and new rural construction.This paper focused on pollen preservation of Camellia species,self-compatibility of Camellia oleifera Clones,and cross-compatibility of 4 Kinds of Camellia Species,which would provide some instruction in afforestation,interspecific hybridization,and breeding new high yield of Camellia species.Preliminary results were obtained as follow:1.Pollen preservation of Camellia species.As for preservation of Camellia pollen,the lower the temperature,the better the effect.The germination rate of pollen of C.oleifera Able,C.polyodonta How,C.chekiangoleosa Hu,C.semiserrata Chi and C.yuhsienensis Hu decreased rapidly while pollen preserved indoor which was available for 1 month.The pollen preserved at 4? environment while drying was better than that of indoor but the viability dropped along the time even if it maintained 4 months.Most kinds of pollen kept a high viability after storing at-20? and-80? environment while drying in one year.The effect of the pollen preservation was variable while preserving in low temperature.After one year of preservation in-20? and-80? environment,the pollen of C.oleifera Able,C.chekiangoleosa Hu and C.yuhsienensis Hu remained a high vitality(? 40%)while that of C.polyodonta How and C.semiserrata Chi dropped fast(? 25%).Indoor and 4?environment preservation had a advantage of low cost and easy to handle and it was available for short time.However,it was not suitable for long time pollen preservation for Camellia species while-20? and-80?environment was a feasible approach.In practice,it could be chosen depending on situations.Cryopreservation was applicable for long-time preservation of anthers of three Camellia species and it was affected significantly by water content of pollen and precool ways.The experiment data indicated that anthers of Camellia sasanqua dried with water content of 21% ~ 38% remained high viability in half a year.Treatment at precool temperature of-26?(1h)on three kinds of anther pollen could significantly increase the viability of pollen stored in liquid nitrogen.2.Self-compatibility of Camellia oleifera Clones.In order to reveal self-compatibility of Camellia oleifera and find out self-fertile clones,3 kinds of pollinations such as spontaneous self pollination,hand-selfing and opening pollinationwere designed to analyze fruit setting rates,compatibility index(CI)by hand-selfing,relative compatibility index and characteristic variation of fruits among 50 Camellia oleifera clones.The fruit setting rate of opening pollination was the highest,hand-selfing the second and spontaneous self pollination was the lowest.The compatility index indicated that there was variation among different Camellia oleifera clones,the mean compatibility index ranged from 0 to 1.3555.Most of the Camellia oleifera clones were self-incompatible except for No.0531(CI=1.3555)and No.0504(1.0444).All of the experimental materials could be devided into 3 groups.They were self-compatible(4%),self-incompatible(84%)and highly self-incompatible(12%).For the rate of fertile fruit and average seed number of Camellia oleifera,significant positive relationship was found between hand selfing pollination and opening(r> 0.6).The characteristic of the selfing fruit was inferior to opening pollination fruits in the whole.The result showed that Camellia oleifera was a kind of highly self-incompatible plant.3.Cross-compatibility of Camellia Species.By means of artificial pollination,dynamic survey of fruits setting rates,and analysis of seed setting rates and fruits characters among different kinds of pollinations,four kinds of Camellia species such as C.yuhsienensis Hu,C.polyodonta How,C.chekiangoleosa Hu and C.semiserrata Chi were tested to study the characteristics of self-compatibility.The result showed that the self-compatibility of 4 kinds of Camellia species was different and the self-compatibility indexes of all materials were ranged from 0 to 0.29.The self-compatible index among 4kinds of Camellia species was C.yuhsienensis Hu(0.2888)> C.polyodonta How(0.2511)>C.chekiangoleosa Hu(0.1222)> C.semiserrata Chi(0).All of the materials was considered as self-incompatible species as the self-compatibility of 4 kinds of Camellia species were less than 1.The average fruit setting rates and seed setting rates among different pollinations was outcrossing> opening> geitonogamy> selfing.The character degree of self-pollination fruits was inferior to cross-pollination fruits.Fruits dropped faster after self-pollination and fruit setting rates of cross-pollination was higher than that of self-pollination.4 kinds of Camellia species were completely self-incompatible.High self-incompatibility was one of the main factor that causing flower and fruit dropping and low production in Camellia species.