| Camellia oleifera is an important woody oil tree species in China.Its oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids.Long-term consumption is very beneficial to human health and has a high development and utilization value.At present,there is still a phenomenon of low-yield and low-quality in the production.However,by breeding hybrid cultivars with cross-breeding and rationally matching pollination trees,the yield and quality of the fruits can be improved efficiently.In this paper,10 elite clones from Fujian Province were used as materials to study the genetic variation of phenotypic traits.SRAP molecular marker technique was used for genetic diversity analysis,and incomplete double-line hybridization was used to explore the hybridization compatibility of clones.Based on the variation of the fruits,the appropriate pollination tree configuration was determined to improve the yield and quality.It has important guiding significance for the breeding and cultivation practice.The results are as follows:1.The phenotypic traits of 10 clones,such as growth,fruit morphology,leaves,floral organs,yield and quality,were analyzed.The coefficients of variation(CV)of traits were 10.21%~60.61%,and the average CV was 21.13%.The variation was abundant.The CV of the first-level branch height was 60.61%,and the leaf length-to-width ratio was the smallest,which was 10.21%.The color of the 10 parents is divided into: green,green-red,red-green,and green-yellow.The shape of the fruit is mainly spherical and oval.The highest oil content of the seed kernel is Min 46,and the most oil production per mu is Min 53.The content of unsaturated fatty acids of Min 50 was the highest,and the lowest was Min 48.The repeatability of each trait for the 10 clones was high,and the average was 0.818.The traits of the 10 clones were standardized,and Min 49,Min 43 and Min 53 were in the top three.Based on phenotypic traits,the 10 clones were clustered and classified into 4 classes.2.The 12 pairs of optimal SRAP primer combinations with clear bands and high polymorphism were screened out from 256 pairs ofprimer combinations,and the genetic diversity of the 10 clones was analyzed.A total of 186 bands were obtained,of which 166 were polymorphic bands,accounting for 89.2%.The highest polymorphic band was from the Em-2/Me-4 primer combination(100%).The PICs were0.28~0.39,the average value is 0.33.The genetic similarity coefficient of10 clones is 0.59~0.77,the average value is 0.67.The relationship between Min 43 and Min 54 is the farthest,and the relationship between Min 60 and Min 62 is the closest.When the genetic similarity coefficient is 0.68,10 clones can be classified into four classes.3.A total of 12 cross combinations were obtained from 4 parents,and Min 60 × Min 50(77.61%)had the highest fruit setting rate,followed by Min 60 × Min 54(66.47%).The variation coefficients(CV)of the fruits were 9.19%~59.58%.The average CV is 27.41%.The CV of the fruit shape index is the smallest,and the CV of the single fruit number is the largest.The morphology of the fruits was mainly spherical and oval,accounting for 93.91%.The highest oil content of seed kernels was49.53% from Min 50 × Min 60,and the lowest was 39.89% from Min 60× Min 50.The highest seed oil content was from Min 50 × Min 43(7.75%),followed by 7.28% from Min 54 × Min 60.When Min 43 and Min 60 were used as the female parent and Min 54 and min 50 were used as the male parent,the general combining abilities have the best performance.Considering the above factors,when planting trees,Min 43 and Min 60 were the main cultivars,and Min 54 and Min 50 can be used as pollination trees. |
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