Characterization And Identification Of Maturity Of Manure Composting

The development of livestock breeding industry was more and more scale,intensive and modern,itbring economic benefits,but also make a big problem,it is essential for composting technology research.In this study,The composting experiments of three manures(cattle,pig and chicken manures from the Hefei suburb(county)moderate scale farm)were carried out to study the maturity indexes by monitoring their physical and chemical properties,while the use of elemental analysis,FTIR(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy)and NMR(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)technology changes in the maturity structure was analyzed composting process,and based on the physical and chemical parameters and dynamic characteristics in organic compost material to evaluate the degree of maturity structure for suburban moderate scale farm animal manure compost no direct injury treatment and resource utilization to provide a theoretical basis for the main results are as follows:(1)Tmperature changed during composting,and the number of peak temperatures for cattle,chicken,and pig manures was 1,2,and 2,respectively.The duration with temperature higher than 50 ℃ was more than 10 days for all the three manures.This indicated that temperature was the most intuitive maturity index.The p H of pig and chicken manures increased from 6.63 to 7.74 and from 7.73 to 8.66,respectively,while that of cattle manure first increased from 7.86 to 8.36 and then decreased to 7.52.The organic carbon content decreased by 23.3%,28.2%,and 31.7%,respectively,for cattle,pig,and chicken manures.In addition,the NH4+-N concentrations decreased by 87.8%,73.6%,and 79.7% and the NO3--N increased by 55.8,6.49,and 4.85 times for cattle,pig,and chicken manures,respectively.The ratios of NH4+-N/NO3--N of piles decreased below 2.Our study indicated that temperature,p H,organic carbon content,and ratios of NH4+-N to NO3--N concentrations were closely related to maturity index and correlated with seed germination rate(P≤0.05).(2)Elemental analysis results show that: cattle manure during composting C content decreased by 20.86%,N content decreased to a lesser extent,C/N overall downward trend.Pig manure composting process C content decreased by 23.57%,the first decline after rising content of N,C/N decreased,consistent with the laws of cow dung.C content of chicken fell by 27.94%,N content decreased by 46.04%,the decline is much larger than cow dung and manure,and N content declined more than C content,so the C/N increased from 5.10 to 6.81.Changes in the composition of organic matter in accordance with the elements of organic carbon,total nitrogen content and C/N trends,organic carbon content and carbon in organic matter showed a downward trend,the highest organic carbon content of pig manure and chicken manure largest decline;C/N is also showing after cow,pig manure decreased,while chicken manure increased at first and then decreased.C/H have been carried out with the compost decline,indicating that the composting process of organic matter decomposition,reducing the degree of condensation,simple molecular structure tends to gradually lower the C/O,indicating its high degree of oxidation of organic matter along with structural changes.(3)Infrared spectroscopy showed that the cow dung and manure in composting process aliphatic,polysaccharides reduced aromatic structure enhancements,increasing humification degree,chicken manure is the opposite.The results show that the solid-state NMR techniques,cow dung and manure composting in cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin and other degradation,carbohydrate,fatty content is reduced,increasing the degree of fragrance,but chicken manure composting formed more alkyl carbon,reducing aromatic substances,and infrared spectral same conclusion.In order to reflect the degree of maturity of compost better,we should take full account of the physical and chemical properties of organic matter structural changes to build maturity index system,which made more comprehensive,scientific.