| Herbicides are playing more and more important roles in vegetables production.However,phytotoxicity can be caused by herbicides because of incorrect use and the environments of application,which would lead to serious consequences.Timely diagnosing and taking proper measures can reduce the loss caused by herbicides.Radish and Chinese cabbage are common kinds of vegetables and they are the favorite foods of Chinese,and are grown widely in China.In our test,harmful symptoms and characteristics of 3 herbicides(butralin,pendimethalin,imazapic)to radish and Chinese cabbage had been observed through phytotoxicity trials.We also examined the mitigation effects of 11 kinds of antidotes on the phytotoxicities of butralin to Chinese cabbage by determining the related physiological and biochemical indexes in Chinese cabbage.The specific results of the research are as follows:1.Observation of symptoms of the phytotoxicity of 3 herbicides to radish and Chinese cabbage.The results showed that both butralin and pendimethalin could cause phytotoxicities in radish and Chinese cabbage.When the dosage of butralin was 2700 g(a.i)/hm2 during seedling of Chinese cabbage,butralin would lead to brown,parched leaves of Chinese cabbage seedling and deformed,growing sloxwly and final death.The yield was reduced seriously.After treating by imazapic at the dosage of 1114 g(a.i.)/hm2,the phytotoxicities of radish and Chinese cabbage were obvious.The leaves of radish became brown and slender,grew up slowly during seedling.The grown plants of radish were short and small,leaves were defonned and the most were dying.After the treatIment of imazapic at the dosage of 1114 g(a.i.)/hm2,the phytotoxicity of Chinese cabbage was that the growth of Chinese cabbage plants was very slow and the leaves were brown and curled up during seedling,finally the plants died with leaves dried.2.Studies of the mitigation effects of 11 antidotes on the phytotoxicities of butralin to Chinese cabbage.The results of the mitigation effects of the 11 antidotes on the phytotoxicities of'butralin at the dosage of 2700g(a.i)/hm2 to Chinese cabbage by examining the moiphological index of treated Chinese cabbage showed that the antidotes had the expected mitigation effects.After 3 days treated with antidote Haup-Y,the plant height,fresh weight and dry weight of the single plant of the treated plants were clear added,the height,fresh weight and dry weight of single plant of the treated plant increased 3.5 cm,3.36 g,0.26 g respectively.After 7 days treated with antidote Vitacat and Haup-N,the plant height and dry weight of the single plant of the treated plants were clear added,the plant height increased 7.33cm and 4.17cm respectively,the plant dry weight increased 2.34g and 7.45g respectively.The tested antidotes Haup-Y,GA,Haup-K and Y-PGA expressed the functions of increasing the plant height,fresh weight and dry weight of single plant of cabbage after treated 14 and 21 days.In the all tested antidotes,Y-PGA,DA-6(diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate)could obviously reduce the MDA contents in the treated plants.The antidote SA(ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid)could improve the contents of Pro in the treated plants visibly.The antidotes Vitacat,Haup-S,GA,DA-6(diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate)could decrease the activity of SOD in cabbage.Y-PGA,Haup-N,Haup-S could reduce the contents of SS in the treated cabbage markedly.The antidotes Vitacat,Haup-K and Haup-N could increase the yields of the cabbage 1500 kg/mu,1700 kg/mu,1800 kg/mu respectively compared with the treatment of only spraying with butralin at the dosage of 2700g(a.i)/hm2.The researching results of us demonstrated that Haup-Y and Haup-N had the best comprehensive mitigation effects in all the tested 11 antidotes by checking their influences to the morphological index of treated plants and determining the related physiological and biochemical indexes in the plants of Chinese cabbage. |
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