Investigation On Occurrence And Control Of Tobacco Diseases And Insect Pests In Field Of Xiangcheng County,Xuchang City

Tobacco diseases and pests not only affect the yield and quality of tobacco leaf in China,but also directly influence the farmers income.There are many kinds of tobacco diseases and insect pests in our country,which caused enormous economic losses.Therefore,it is the important way to ensure the yield and quality of tobacco and tobacco farmers income by strengthening the comprehensive prevention and control of tobacco diseases and insect pests.Xiangcheng County in Xuchang city has a long history of planting tobacco,the largest tobacco planting area had reached about 1350 hectare,and suffered serious damages by tobacco plant disease and pests.During the social practice in Xiangcheng county,I investigated the occurrence and control status of tobacco diseases and insect pests in field of Xiangcheng county by through the on-the-spot investigation,issuing the survey form,visited the farmers and access to information,etc.,in order to obtain the information about the occurrence and control status in tobacco diseases and pests.The survey area covers 52 villages in 11 towns,more than 300 households in the survey of farmers,the investigation contents include planting varieties,planting area,cropping pattern,seedling style,varieties and quantity of base-fertilizer and other cultivation and management information,species and damage degree of diseases and insect pests,pesticides in using for prevention and treatment,prevention and control of green new technology application in the prevention and control of the basic situation.Through research,tobacco planting technical characteristics and the damages of tobacco diseases and insect pests in Xiangcheng as well as the application of green prevention and control technology was summed up,In the end,the problem in control of tobacco diseases and insect pests was analysed,and the countermeasures and methods were suggested.According to the results of the survey,the damage degree of wireworms(Pleonomus canaliculatus),black cutworm,mole crickets and grubs were most serious in tobacco seedling stage,followed by Agriotes subrittatus,root maggot and snail,false wireworm caused slight damage.Seedling disease is well controlled,tobacco anthracnose and blight hazard index,cataplexy disease incidence rate is very low.Farmers said that according to the years of tobacco planting experience,tobacco seedling diseases has been very good controlled,the growers were very satisfied for seedling workshop uniform for providing healthy seedlings.In the stage of tobacco bud emergence and harvest period,Myzus persicae(Sulzer)and tobacco budworm caused serious damage,stinkbug,Dolycoris baccarum and Bemisia tabaci did slight damage,locusts and cabbage noctuid did little damage or no damage,therefore the control target should focus on Myzus persicae(Sulzer)and tobacco budworm.As for plant disease,the tobacco black shank and tobacco root black rot were more serious,the harm degree of tobacco brown spot,tobacco mosaic virus(TMV),tobacco cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)and tobacco potato virus Y(PVY)were general,frog eye leaf spot of tobacco,tobacco wildfire disease and angular leaf spot disease,tobacco root node nematode diseases and tobacco etch virus(TEV)damage to a lesser degree,60% of the farmers report tobacco hollow stalk disease and tobacco bacterial wilt did slight damage,the damage of which have not been discovered by many farmers.On the current situation of application of green control technology,56.86%farmers have not heard of the using Aphidiidae for prevention and control aphids,and for those who know this control method,only 23.48% of them used and got better control effect.For the application of Helicoverpa armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus(NPV)for prevention of H.assulta and H.armigera,98.4% of the farmers have not heard of this method,almost all the farmers have not used.65.03% of farmers understand the application of yellow sticky board for control of aphids and whitefly,47.74% of those used,and 66.3% of the users got a econtrol effects,and 75.79% of the userd reported the high cost for using.21.24% of farmers have not heard of light trapping pests,and only few farmers choose to use light trapping because of its high cost.35.62% of farmers know of sex attractant of cotton bollworm and tobacco budworm,but only 2.6% of those had used this for the moth control.Combining with the tobacco production of Xiangcheng county in 2015,the key green control techniques were demonstrated,including trapping technology for major lepidopteran moths,using Aphidius gifuensis to control Myzus persicae(Sulzer),tobacco fertilizer integration of water-saving irrigation technology and smoke machine disinfection technology in greenhouses for growing seedling.The research results provide a reliable basis for the accurate information of plant diseases and insect pests occurrence and their damage situation,in tobacco field in Xiangcheng County,Xuchang City,and the further reference eto integrated pest control in tobacco field.