The Effect Of Rational Allocation Of Water And Fertilizer Coupling On Growth And The Use Efficiency Of Water And Fertilizer Of Winter Wheat In Huang-huai Plain

Water and fertilizer are key factors affecting the growth and development of wheat.A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different water and fertilizer coupling on water use characteristics,nitrogen accumulation and transfer,growth,and grain yield under high yield condition in Huang-huai plain.Zhoumai 18,a high yield wheat cultivar planted widely in Henan province,was used in the experiment.The experimentation was controlled under field conditions in 2009-2010 growing seasons by regulation of sowing date.The main results were as follows: 1.Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on water use characteristics.The results showed that the different modes of water and fertilizer coupling exercised different influence on water use characteristics of wheat and the total water consumption of each treatment increased with the increase of irrigation.The soil water consumption and precipitation ratio of total water consumption of W1?natural rainfall?is higher than W2?suitable for water?,W3?plenty of water?,W2 has the highest soil water consumption and it's total water consumption was significantly higher than W1,it's irrigation percentage of total consumption was significantly lower than W3;W3 has the largest total water consumption and the percentage of soil water consumption and precipitation to total water consumption are minimal.The overall water use efficiency under different treatments showed: W2>W3>W1.The total water volume of farmland showed N3>N2>N1 in different nitrogen treatments under same water treatment.After flowering,the water potential of flag leaf decreased gradually as the grouting process moves forward and increased on the increase of irrigation.When applied to different nitrogen treatments,the water potential of flag leaf under N1 declined sharp in the 14 days after flowering and N2 showing slow decline,N3 has not slowed down further.2.Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on nitrogen accumulation and transfer of wheat.The nitrogen accumulation increased with the increase of irrigation in various periods,the before flowering transshipment volume continues to rise and the after flowering to grain contribution rate increases first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen in W1,W2,the before flowering translocation and its contribution to the grain rate both first increased and then decreased in W3.When applied to different nitrogen treatments,the accumulation after flowering and flowers before translocation are the lowest of N1,and vegetative organs before the highest forwarding rate,nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs is the highest of N2 in W1,W2,vegetative organs of flowers in the water treatment conditions translocation is the highest in W3;vegetative organs before translocation the grain contribution rate are the largest of N3 in W2,W3.The vegetative organs of the accumulation of nitrogen in the flower before translocation are higher than the contribution rate of grain after flowering to grain contribution rate in all treatments.The different treatment of wheat flag leaf GS,free amino acids,soluble protein with the reproductive process moves forward first and then decreased,the performance of W3>W2>W1.Different Nitrogen,N2,N3 of NR activity was significantly higher than N1,natural rainfall and adequate soil water conditions,the excessive amount of nitrogen but inhibit flag leaf free amino acids,soluble protein increased.N1 flag leaf GS activity 14 days after the flowers appear more obvious downward trend,N2 flag leaf GS activity decreased slowly,N3 under wheat flag leaf GS activity in the downward trend has not slowed down further.3.Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on growth of wheat.The number of groups of different treatment expressed as first high,then low in the whole growth period,the number of tillers of jointing and booting stage increased as the increasing of nitrogen in W1 and first increased then decreased in W2,W3.Leaf area was significantly higher in nitrogen treatments than the non-fertilized treatment the on same water conditions during the flowering period.In the same nitrogen application,leaf area increases with increasing of soil moisture.Flag leaf photosynthetic rate?Pn?and stomatal conductance?Gs?increased with increasing soil moisture,W3>W2>W1,the difference was significant,intercellular CO₂ concentration?Ci?with the soil moisture increase and decrease;different nitrogen treatments,flag leaf Pn and Gs with increasing amount of nitrogen increases,the performance for N3>N2>N1.4.Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on the yield and its components of wheat.Different water treatments total soluble sugar content expressed as W2>W3>W1.Different nitrogen treatments,N1 processing conditions of W2,W3 grain total soluble sugar content was significantly higher than W1 processing,the N2 treatment total soluble sugar content at a high level were significantly higher than the N1,N2,N3 starch content.The different modes of water and fertilizer coupling exercised different influence on grain yield and the overall performance of the soil moisture treatment effect is greater than that of the nitrogen application.The impact of irrigation on wheat grain yield than nitrogen,and increase the amount of nitrogen fertilizer was able to significantly make up the water deficit impact.Moisture on wheat grain yield performance: W2>W3>W1.The same irrigation conditions,nitrogen fertilization in grain yield was significantly higher than the non-fertilized treatment.The same nitrogen level,W3 processing the spike,biological yield were significantly higher than W1,W2,and the number of grains per spike and grain weight below the treatment W2.The results show that the W2N2 both in the production performance of the crown of each treatment,and water-saving fertilizer section,indicating that the yield combination of W2N2 water and fertilizer should be high-yielding and efficient logistics mode.