| In order to study winter wheat 's water and fertilizer requirement rule for providing the scientific basis of standardized cultivation of high yield and high effective.Under field conditions,the test took the wheat cultivar Xinong 979 as the test material,We studied the effects of different water and nitrogen coupling treatments on the change of photosynthetic characteristic of flag leaf after anthesis,and then the water and nitrogen use efficiency,nitrogen accumulation and distribution from vegetative organs to grain after anthesis,dry matter accumulation,yield and its'components of winter wheat were measured.The experimentation was controlled under field conditions in 2012-2013 growing seasons by regulation of sowing date.The results of this experiment showed that as follows:1.Effect of water and nitrogen coupling on photosynthetic characteristic of winter wheatThe leaf area of winter reached the highest at the booting stage,under the same irrigation amount treatments,leaf area of nitrogen treatment was obviously higher than that of little nitrogen.With the same N application,the leaf area increased with the increase of irrigation supply,and drought and nitrogen deficiency in soil made SPAD drop rapidly,chlorophyll content of flag leaf decreased dramatically after anthesis,made seriously effect on the photosynthetic,and the photosynthetic rate drop rapidly.The photosynthetic rate became high after anthesis,and reached the highest in the beginning of filling stage,then dropped gradually.With the same irrigation application,the photosynthetic rate increased with the increase of irrigation supply,there were significant difference between different nitrogen treatments.Pn and Gs increased with the increase of irrigation supply,showed:W3>W2>W1,there were significant difference between different treatments.Ci recreased with the increase of irrigation supply,Pn and Gs increased with the increase of irrigation supply,showed:N3>N2>N1.The results of this experiment showed that,the treatments of W2N2/W2N3/W2N3/W3N3had the advantage to maintain a higher chlorophyll content and higher rate with a longer time than the other treatments.2.Effect of water and nitrogen coupling on nitrogen accumulation?distribution and translation from vegetative organs to grainThe difference was significant in nitrogen accumulation and distribution between different water and nitrogen coupling treatments at maturing stage,the amount of nitrogen accumulation from vegetative organs to grain was highest,leaf was lowest?With the same irrigation application,nitrogen accumulation of stem increased with the increase of nitrogen supply,showed:N3>N2>N1:With the same N application,nitrogen accumulation of stem first increased and then decreased with the increase of irrigation supply,,showed:W2>W3>W1,With the same irrigation amount,the total nitrogen amount of stem increased with the increase of nitrogen supply,and with the same N application,the grain nitrogen accumulation of treatment W2 was significantly higher than W1?W3,the nitrogen accumulation of grain had the same regular.Under the N1 condition,NAA of vegetative organs,Nitrogen translocation efficiency,nitrogen translocation amount,nitrogen contribution proportion increased with the increase of irrigation supply,showed:W3>W2>W1,but there wasn't significant difference between three irrigation treatments.The grain content nitrogen accumulation of W2N2 and W2N3 treatments were significantly higher than other treatments;the nitrogen translocation amount and nitrogen translocation efficiency of treatment W2N2 were the highest,the NAA of vegetative organs at anthesis and nitrogen contribution proportion of treatment W2N3 were the highest in all treatments.3.Effect of water and nitrogen coupling on WUE and nitrogen use efficiencyWith the same irrigation application,water consumption amount and WUE increased with the increase of nitrogen supply,showed:N3>N2>N1,and irrigation water-use efficiency first increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen supply,Under the N2 condition,irrigation water-use efficiency reached highest;With the same N application,WUE decreased with the increase of nitrogen supply,showed:W1>W2>W3,but irrigation water-use efficiency first increased and then decreased with the increase of irrigation supply,under the N2 condition,irrigation water-use efficiency reached highest.From nitrogen use efficiency was showed,with the same N application,nitrogen use efficiency first increased and then decreased with the increase of irrigation supply,nitrogen use efficiency reached highest under the W2 condition;With the same irrigation application,the nitrogen use efficiency of under the W2 condition was higher than W3,and the difference was significant.Nitrogen use efficiency and irrigation water-use efficiency of treatment W2N2 were both the highest in all treatments,and and the difference were significant,it's showed that treatment W2N2 could use water and nitrogen effectively.4.Effect of water and nitrogen coupling on yield and components of winter wheatWith the same irrigation application,the wheat yield increased with the increase of nitrogen supply on a scale of 0-300 kg.hm-2 nitrogen application range,expressed as N3>N2>N1;with the same N application,the wheat yield first increased and then decreased with the increase of irrigation supply,the grain yield reached highest under the W2 condition.Through analyzed yield components(spikes,number of ear,1000-grain weight),we find that:With the same irrigation application,spikes?number of ear and bio-mass increased with the increase of nitrogen supply,expressed as N3>N2>N1,the performance of 1000-grain weight was on the contrary,decreased with the increase of nitrogen supply,expressed as N1>N2>N3.With the same irrigation application,spikes,number of ear and bio-mass first increased and then decreased with the increase of irrigation supply,reached highest under the N2 condition.Under the N2?N3 condition,1000-grain weight decreased with the increase of irrigation supply,expressed as W1>W2>W3.Therefore,on a scale of 0-300 kg.hm-2 nitrogen application range,spikes and the number of ear became the main factors to decide the grain yield.The grain yield of treatment W2N3 was 8602.17 kg·hm-2,which was the highest yield in all treatments,and the yield of treatment W2N2 was 8365.33 kg-hm"2,the difference wasn't significant between treatment W2N2 and treatment W2N3,and the harvest index of treatment W2N2 was 0.501,which was the highest in all treatments,the difference was significant between treatment W2N2 and the other treatments,so,it showed that the high yield and high efficiency treatment was treatment W2N2. |
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