| Sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.) characterizes in rich nutrition, early maturity, as well as high economic benefit. However, the plants were very susceptible to virus, and many cultivars were self-incompatibile, therefore it is difficult to maintain genetic stability and obtain high yield. To satisfy the increasing demand of sweet cherry extension, the in vitro culture, somatic variation detection of in vitro shoots, and identification of pollination cultivars were carried out currently,which might contribute to the expansion of cherry industry. The main results were as follows:1. Establishment and optimization of micropropagation system.The in vitro culture system were established using dormant buds of cultivar Yanyang collected from stock plants of orchard as explants. The dormant buds were soaked with 0.1% mercuric chloride added with two drops of Tween-80 for 18-minute sterilization, from which 14%germination rate was obtained. MS medium supplemented with the combination of 1.5 mg/L GA3,1.0 mg/L KT, 0.5 mg/L 6-BA, 0.5 mg/L IBA, 3%sucrose and 0.7% agar(p H=5.8~6.2) was used for dormant buds germination. MS medium supplemented with the combination of 1.5 mg/L 6-BA,0.5 mg/L IBA, 0.5 mg/L GA3, 3% sucrose and 0.7% agar showed the best effect on shoot multiplication, by which the multiplication coefficients were 8.3. The ? MS medium supplemented with the combination of 0.5 mg/LIBA or 0.6 mg/L NAA, 3% sucrose and 0.7% agar gave the best effect on root formation, on which the rooting rate was 80%.2. Genetic fidelity detection by ISSR markerThe somatic variation of in vitro shoots sampled from the 1st to the 7th cycle of microprogation was detected using 24 randomly selected ISSR primers, and no aberrant marker was observed,suggesting within the markers used, genetic fidelity might be guaranteed as many as seven cycle of multiplication.3. Phenophase comparison of different sweet cherry cultivarsBased on the two-year investigation in Weining area, six sweet cherry cultivars entered their florescense from March to mid-March, fruit bearing period in late March to early April and maturity period was concentrated in mid-late May. Among the cultivar, the flowering period of Santina and Brooks were consistent with Sparkerry, and the same case was also observed between Yanyang with Summit, however florescense period of Black pearl differed in the two years.Brooks and Sparkerry were classified as mid-late ripening cultivars, whose fruit developmental period(FDP) were more than 50 days and ripening date ranged from mid May to mid-late May. In addition, Black Pearl was early ripening cultivar, whose FDP was 44 days, and ripened in early mid May.4. The selection of pollination cultivarsAccording to the results of flowering consistency and field pollination experiment, cultivars Santina, Brooks, Sparkerry and Black Pearl might mutually served as the appropriate pollination cultivars. Also, Summit might used as the pollination cultivar of Black Pearl.5. Fruit quality evaluation of sweet cherry cultivarsThe fruit indices including fruit weight, content of soluble solid, content of soluble sugar, and ratio of soluble sugar to titratable acid etc, varied highly among five cultivars in Weining County,Guizhou Province. Significant correlations were investigated between the fruit weight and the content of soluble solid, content of soluble sugar, ratio of soluble sugar to titratable acid, or ratio of content of soluble solids to titratable acid; between the content of soluble solid and fruit diameter; between the ratio of content of soluble solids to titratable acid and ratio of content of soluble sugar to titratable acid, or content of soluble sugar. The cumulative contribution of three principal components was 93.55% and all the 12 indices were involved in. Based on the comprehensive evaluation model of fruit quality, the first principle component played a key role in fruit quality. The best cultivars were Brooks and Sparkerry, followed by Santina, and the least ones were Black Pearl and Yanyang. Therefore, Brooks and Sparkerry were suitable for extension in the western region of Guizhou. |
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