Study On Anthropogenic-alluvial Soil Ammonia Volatilization Under Different Fertilization In Maize Farmland

Anthropogenic-alluvial soil is one of the main agricultural soil in Gansu province, has an important role in the local agricultural production development. But in recent years, due to the soil fertility is not high and the needs of the production itself, Irrigation Yu Tu agricultural planting summer maize fertilizer inputs increase year by year, coupled with the influence of arid climate, the farmland soil ammonia volatilization loss is serious, fertilizer use efficiency low. Therefore, this experiment method uses intermittent pumping chamber closed and combined with laboratory analysis and field survey methods in experimental plots Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, in Gansu province Anthropogenic-alluvial soil agricultural region, studied under different fertilization conditions of summer maize farmland soil ammonia volatilization, main proven nitrogen ammonia volatilization loss amount and its dynamic change, different fertilization methods on the influence of summer maize growth and yield, to curb Anthropogenic-alluvial soil nitrogen loss, for improving the utilization ratio of farmland nitrogen, to provide scientific theoretical basis for high quality and high yield of maize. The main results were as follows:1. Temperature can significantly promote the ammonia volatilization intensity, in the day, high temperature and ammonia volatilization at noon, the low temperature and low ammonia volatilization in the morning. Soil nitrogen and moisture and the influencing factors of ammonia volatilization, and ammonia volatilization rate into positive correlation.2. Different fertilizer treatments soil ammonia volatilization rate of 2~3d peak after fertilization, the duration between 11~21d, for ammonia volatilization rate is 0.154~1.00 kg·hm-2·d-1, the cumulative loss of volatile period is 2.661~8.555 kg·hm-2, loss rate is between 0.1%~5%.3. Different fertilizer treatments soil ammonia volatilization rate and cumulative amount of each are not identical, from this experiment can draw) coated urea + is to reduce ammonia volatilization loss effectively deep fertilization way; reduce ammonia volatilization loss between 10%~30%; returning organic material + urea,The compound fertilizer and adding urine enzyme inhibitors + urea can increase ammonia volatilization intensity is 9.6%~17.5%; application of the treatment of ammonia volatilization loss significantly greater than basal phase ammonia volatilization loss, increase 9.0%~172.0% loss.4. The influence of different fertilizer treatments on maize growing each are not identical, under the condition of coated fertilizer maize germination rate is high, maize long good; small loss of ammonia volatilization in farmland, high utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, thousand kernel weight of 278.33~300.68 g, higher than conventional fertilization of 3.6%~11.9%; yield reached 15082.5~16500 kg·hm-2, higher than that of conventional fertilization 24.98%~36.73%. Covering film can increase the surface soil temperature, promote the growth and development of the maize, shorten the mature time, improve the maize grain dry matter accumulation and maize production.5. Nitrogen of soil—crop maize growth period system balance calculation shows that coated urea fertilizer + can improve nitrogen use efficiency 19.45%~21.82%, effectively reduce the inorganic nitrogen content of maize residues in the soil after harvest, reduced ammonia volatilization losss 18.47 % ~21.66%, compared with conventional fertilization, significantly increase crop with nitrogen, reached 24.83%~27.86%, reduce the amount of nitrogen surplus 40.46~68.67 kg·hm-2.6. The fertilization mode of the Plastic mulching and Flat film mulching + urea deep application(base fertilize)/Surface irrigation(top application) can effectively reduce the loss of soil ammonia volatilization, to promote the growth and development of summer maize and its yield, increase production efficiency, and the operation of Film mulching is simple, plastic film recycling system is perfected, agricultural non-point source pollution is small, so the agricultural area of Anthropogenic-alluvial soil in Gansu. Film mulching and planting summer maize can be popularized in large area.