The Effects Of Maize-soybean Intercropping On Dry Matter Accumulation, Yield And Quality Of Vegetable Soybean

In order to investigate the effect of maize-soybean relay strip intercropping pattern on the dry matter accumulation, yield and quality of vegetable soybean.7 kinds of vegetable including Zhexiandou4, Zhexiandou8, Qingsu5, Shenxianxin3, Yindou9701, Kai keyuan and Shenxian6 were intercropped with maize named Zhenghong 505 compared with monoculture. Researched the growth period, morphogenesis, dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic characteristics, and yield and quality varieties of vegetable soybean. The main results are as follows:1. Compared with monoculture, the growth period of different vegetable soybeans was extended 2-10 days. Before R5, the days were basically same for the two patterns. The prolonged period was mainly during reproductive growth, especially in R5-R6. For Qing5 and Shen3, it was extended 10 days, and Kai keyuan was 2 days. The whole growth period of Kai keyuan was 20-day more than other varieties. Its period of R5-R6 was 40 or 41 days, while the other varieties'was about 20-30 days.2. Compared with monoculture, the plant height and the three kinds of chlorophyll content of intercropping soybean were higher than those in the monoculture. Whereas the stem diameter, leaf area index were less. From V4 on, the plant height appeared differently, when the stem diameter began from 14 days after V4, and the leaf area index and three chlorophyll content from 7 days. In intercropping plant height kept growing while the stem diameter nearly unchanged, contrary to monoculture. The growth speed of stem diameter, leaf area index, chlorophyll content in intercropping slowed down from R5 on, and it was earlier than that in monoculture.3. Compared with monoculture, stem and leaf dry matter decreased earlier in intercropping than that in monoculture. Dry matter accumulated mainly in leaf from V4 to 21st day, it was at R5, and then it turned to stem and petiole. The pod time of Kai keyuan was later than others in intercropping. But in intercropping it was same. So in intercropping the dry matter accumulation center turned from vegetative organs to pods earlier than that in monoculture.4. Compared with monoculture, the plant height, bottom pod height, increased significantly. Stem diameter, branches, node number, main stem nodes, main stem effective nodes, main stem effective nodes/main stem nodes,1-pod number,2-pod number,3-pod number per plant, pods per plant, seed per plant, yield of fresh pods per plant and yield of fresh pods per plant decreased significantly. Plant height, bottom pod height.100-pod weight, 100-pod seeds weight, and 100-seed weight of Yindou 9701 was the lowest in 7 varieties, but it's brunches, main stem nodes, main stem effective nodes, main stem effective nodes/main stem nodes,2-pod number,3-pod number, two-pod rate, pods per plant, seeds per plant and yield of fresh pods per plant were highest. For Qingsu5 it had the highest fresh seed yield per plant. So these two vegetable soybeans adapted intercropping.5. Compared with monoculture, protein, soluble sugar, crude fat and starch were not significantly different. Moisture content decreased. Five amino acids in different varieties were not consistent. Protein content ranged for 36.04-41.59%, crude fat was 19.95-22.69%, and soluble sugar 7.1-10.42% and starch as 3.77-5.98%, moisture for 68.89-72.45%, free amino acid 6.46-16.22mg/g, and those qualities were good enough as vegetable soybean. In all of the varieties, starch, moisture content, and 4 kinds of amino acid of Zhexiandou4 were highest, while the crude fat was lowest. Protein, umami amino acid of Yindou9701 were higher than monoculture. The relative increase of sugar and starch were maximum, but its crude fat, moisture content and amino acid decreased. So, as for quality, Zhexiandou4 is the beat and Yindou9701 is the second.6. The agronomic characters of vegetable soybean were affected by intercropping, cultivar and their interaction. The yield characters were also affected by these three factors, except 1-pod number,2-pod number and 100-seed weight. Variety was the main reason that causeed the difference of quality, the second was the interaction of planting mode and variety, and the cultivation mode had a significant effect on protein, soluble sugar, and moisture content and bitter amino acid.7. Correlation analysis showed that yield of fresh pods per plant was significantly positive correlation with plant height, stem diameter, main stem nodes, and main stem effectively nodes,1-pod number,3-pod number,100-pod weight,100-pod seeds weight and 100-seed weight. Yield of fresh seeds per plant was significantly positive correlation with plant height, stem diameter, main stem nodes, main stem effective nodes, pods per plant, seeds per plant,100-pod weight,100-pod seeds weight and 100-seed weight, but negative correlation with bottom pod height in monoculture. In intercropping, it was positive correlation with main stem effective nodes, brunches, seeds per plant and 1-pod number for yield of fresh pod per plant. And it was positive correlation with brunches, seeds per plant, 2-pod rate and 100-seed weight for yield of fresh seeds per plant, but negative correlation with bottom pods height. We should choose those vegetable soybeans with low bottom pods height, high plant, strong stem diameter and many main stem nodes, main stem effective nodes,1-pod number and 3-pod number in monoculture. And in intercropping, it should be with low plant height and bottom pods height, and many main stem effective nodes, brunches, pods per plant and seed per plant. Protein was significantly negative correlation with soluble sugar and it was the same as crude fat with free amino acid. Moisture content was significantly positive correlation with free amino acid.