| Andrias daviadianus (Cryptobranchidac of Caudata of Amphidia) is a precious unique amphibian of China. Due to the changes or the destructions of its habitats and the over-fishing by human beings, its quantity decreased sharply and its distribution areas shrank hugely, which resulted in the extinction in most of its habitats. This caused it listed as CR in the Appendix I of the International Trade Convention on Endangered Wild Animals and Plants. Hunan, one of the major habitats of Andrias davidianus in China, is the first to establish its protection reserve in China, i.e., Hunan Zhangjiajie Andrias Davidianus State-level Natural Protection Reserve. This paper expects to put forth a scientific basis for the protection and domestication of Andrias davidianus by studying the past documents, the latest research results, together with the researches conducted in the western Hunan province, the major habitat of Andrias davidianus in this province,The main results are listed as follows:The climate and geographic conditions of Andrias davidianus in the western Hunan province:altitude 260-600m; broadleaved-coniferous mixed forest; annual average temperature 13.4 C°; annual rainfall 1485-1518mm; relative humidity77%; annual frost free period 240-300d; annual sunshine duration 1563.3h. The stream ditch is mainly flanked by rock and earth with irregular slopes of over 85% vegetative cover; the ditch, with its bottom made of gravel and sand, is irregular,0.5-3.8m deep with current speed 0.25-lm/s; the entrance of the cave is 30cm in width and 20cm in height, the highest point well above the water surface. Water flows in the cave with the bed made of sand, gravel and rock. The water environments that Andrias davidianus favors read:water temperature 12.6-21.5?, clearness over 2m, dissolved oxygen over 8mg/L, pH value 6.6-8.5, high in water hardness, high in bivalent calcium ions, and low in ammonia nitrogen and organic phosphorIt is estimated that the parents of wild Andrias davidianus have decreased to less than 10,000 in natural waters. Before 2005, the wild Andrias davidianus are found in 5 habitats of Hunan, about 6000 seedlings collected, compared with over 2000 seedlings collected in 2 habitats in 2011, which is an obvious indication of its decrease. By contrast, the domestication increases rapidly, seedlings reaching 970,000 when the artificial reproduction and bionic reproduction were greatly developed. In 2014, over 2000 germ chits,140,000 seedlings and 280,000 adults cultured in Hunan were sold around China. Still in the same year, the companies in Hunan domesticating, cultivating and selling Andrias davidianus approached 514 with entrusted farmers close to 2000. The seedlings, by using bionic reproduction and artificial technology, amounted to 350,000 and more, and the parents over 116,000. Thanks to the deep-processed products put into market first, which is a symbol of protection by developing, the industry chain of Andrias davidianus is extended. Quite several companies in Zhangjiajie have begun the research and market development of deep processing, one of which is Jinni Bio-Science-and-Technology Company. It has obtained 14 patents of the deep processing, including Technologies of Andrias davidianus Cosmetology Products, Andrias davidianus Dietary Supplement and Its Technologies, and Extraction and Separation of Andrias davidianus Secretion and so on. Two patents of the core technology of Giant Salamander Glycopeptides were obtained.7 new products including Jinni Longevity noodle, Skin Care and Anti-aging product, gartilage powder, Protein polypeptide powder were developed by cooperating with HUST, PKU and other universities in China.Studies are also done on the problems in the protection of Andrias davidianus and the development of this industry with suggestions put forth. |
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