| Gut microbes is closely related to physical health.During lactation period,because of physical defects,environmental pressure and change of food,piglets are prone to diarrhea resulting from the imbalance of intestinal flora.In return the diarrhea stimulates the disorders of gut microbes,leading to poor performance of piglets,which will cause huge economic losses.Studies have shown that the gut microbes of the host have positive or negative relationships with sex.Probiotics was often used as ideal alternatives for antibiotics in preventing and treating diarrheal piglets.In our experiment,structure characteristics of intestinal flora in diarrheal piglets and effects of drenching with probiotics on gut microbes of piglets as well as gender differences were analyzed through 16S rDNA sequencing technique.Newborn piglets from 48 litters with similar parity,delivery date and litter size were selected.Once a piglet was found diarrhea,the diarrheal piglet and a non-diarrheal piglet of same gender from the same litter were selected immediately to collect blood and feces.The sampling was not stopped until 20 pairs of piglets from 20 litters were collected.All the piglets left in the 20 litters were randomly allocated into five groups:control group(C),treatment 1(T1),treatment 2(T2),treatment 3(T3),treatment 4(T4),4 litters(replicates)per group.They were drenched with lmL doubled-distilled water(C),Enterococcus faecalis 2.5 x 108 CFU/mL(T1),Enterococcus faecalis 5 x 108 CFU/mL(T2),Enterococcus faecalis 1 x 109 CFU/mL(T3),Enterococcus faecalis 2 x 109 CFU/mL(T4),respectively,at 0 d,3 d,6 d.At the age of 20 days,a piglet had ever diarrhea and another piglet of the same sex without diarrhea in the same litter were chosen to collect blood and feces.The experiment was divided into two parts:1.Gut microbes and the immune indexes of diarrheal pigletsIn this experiment,structure characteristics of intestinal flora in diarrheal piglets as well as gender differences were analyzed through 16S rDNA sequencing technique..The results showed that there was no difference in diversity of gut microbes between diarrheal and non-diarrheal piglets.However,at phylum level,abundance of Verrucomicrobia in diarrheal piglets was significantly higher than that in non-diarrheal piglets(P=0.0419).At genus level,abundance of Peptostreptococcus in diarrheal piglets was significantly higher than that in the non-diarrheal groups(P=0.0195),but abundance of Comamonas(P=0.0308)or Peptoniphilus(p=0.0243)in diarrheal piglets was significantly lower than that in non-diarrheal group.Moreover,abundance of Butyricimonas(P=0.0019),Sharpea(P=0.0049)and Akkermansia(P=0.0168)in male group was significantly higher than that of those in female group,respectively.Besides,concentration of immunoglobulin M(IgM)in blood of piglets from diarrheal group was significantly lower than that from non-diarrheal group(P=0.049).2.Effects of drench with Enterococcus faecalis on gut microbes and immune index of pigletsBased on our former study of effects of Enterococcus faecalis on diarrhea,immune index and growth performance,6 piglets of same sex in a same house from C,T2,T4 were selected to investigate effects of drench with Enterococcus faecalis on gut microbes and immune index of piglets.The results showed that drench with Enterococcus faecalis can help treat diarrhea of piglets although no change in diversity and abundance of gut microbes of piglets was observed.Concentrations of IgA(P=0.0250)and IgM(P=0.0402)were significantly increased after drench with Enterococcus faecalis compared to control group.Additionally,we found that diversity and abundance of gut microbes of piglets were found changed along with age by comparing two different period of control group.At phylum level,Fusobacteria(P=0.015)in piglets at the age of 3-7 day was significantly higher than those at the age of 20 day,abundance of Spirochaetes(P=0.045)and Fibrobacteres(P=0.043)at the age of 20 day rose significantly than that of those at 3-7 day,respectively. |
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