Study On Control Techniques Of Main Insect Pests On Jia-xiang Chrysanthemum In Organic Cultivation

Jia-xiang chrysanthemum(Jia Ju),Gong Ju,Hang Ju,Chu Ju,Bo Ju,Huai Ju,Qi Ju and Chuan Ju are called the eight most famous medicinal chrysanthemums.Jia Ju is used in medicine with its dry capitulum,with a long history of 200 years or more.It has many excellent qualities such as high volatile oils,flavonoids and other content.But because of severe continuous cropping obstacles,some insect pests and diseases often occur seriously,making Jia Ju harder to grow better.That is the reason why the planting area is limited within Zhifang Town,Jiaxiang County,Jining City,Shandong Province.It was only planted here for a long time in small scale acreage.In recent years,Jia Ju was chosen into the GI products and high-quality varieties of chrysanthemums in Shandong Province,chrysanthemum cultivation techniques and control techniques of main insect pests are needed urgently.Continuous cropping obstacles are the most difficult problem appearing in Jia Ju production,reducing the plant components,increasing pests and diseases,and reducing the yield.It becomes the bottleneck of industrial development,Jia Ju diseases are root rot disease and viral disease.Pests include grubs,aphids and chrysanthemum midge.By controlling irrigation,fertilizer,agricultural control,moderate late planting and other measures the problem of root rot disease can be solved.Viral disease is mainly due to the hazards of aphids and other insects.Therefore,the most difficult problems in plant protection are grubs,aphids,and chrysanthemum midge.Conventional pest control technology is mainly involved in the chemical control frequently,such as spraying imidacloprid,acetamiprid and other organophosphorus insecticides in large doses.With the improvement of the economy,we live a much better life,with more money to spend.Attention is being paid more and more to not price but product quality itself.We want the food we eat safe and the environment we live well and have a good relationship of human to nature.Organic farming has already become a trend.Local farmers also want to cultivate organic Jia Ju.But due to the serious and complex problem of Jia Ju pests,plant protection technology would be the major challenge.In organic agriculture standard(GB/T 19630 2011),It demands to make a harmonious development of the agriculture and the natural environment,to keep the species diversity abundant,and to maintain the ecosystem balance.chemical plant protection inputs cannot be used.Only the plant sources,animal sources and mineral sources pesticides are allowed in use.Thus,the study on Jia Ju organic farming techniques and methods has great significance.Research on Jia Ju had been made in the fields in Shandong throughout the growing season for two years(2014~2015).We conducted a field survey on these issues to explore the methods of producing organic Jia Ju to solve the problems facing plant protection.Methods are integrated used to improve the yield,such as agricultural,physical and biological control to improve the quality of Jia Ju.So the insect pests on Jia Ju were investigated and the control techniques were researched in Jiaxiang County.The main findings are as follows:Firstly,we made lots of investigations finally and found out the effect of the continuous cropping on the plant components,pests and diseases and the yield on Jia Ju.We found that plant components of continuous cropping plant grow slowly.After continuous cropping,the plants grow shorter and thinner.Leaf area and crown reduced,less branches at all levels and diameter reduced.The number of roots longer than 5cm reduced.Resistance to disease was weaken,Black Spot disease increases seriously,grub's damage increase,leading to the plant dead and seedlings deficiency.The number of buds and the weight per hundred-bud reduced,and the yield decreased significantly.Continuous cropping was the initiator of the high incidence of pests and diseases,strengthening the negative effects.Continuous cropping is the main reason for production reduction.Fallow or crop rotation can significantly improve the continuous cropping obstacles.When there is no blank to carry out fallow or crop rotation.We proposed to plant Jia Ju in the spacing area in the second year to improve the production status.Secondly,the annual survey of the occurrence dynamic of chafer beetles has been made,to formulate controlling strategy of catching and killing grubs;After investigating the effect of light trap prevention,we found that if the chafer beetles were not accurately collected into collecting bags,they would mate and egg-laying in the vicinity of light trap,and the "lamp black" phenomenon has an intrinsically contact with this.By statistics on the location and time of chafer beetles,we found that lure insects' lights can traps 6 kinds of beetles,three of which are the main hazard groups of chafer beetles in Jia Ju fields;Different kinds of chafer beetles fall onto the floor in different locations,but concentrated within 4 meters around the light trap;The light-orientation time of chafer beetles ranges from 8:00 to 10:10 at night.The time when the chafer beetles peak in number was about 8:30 pm.Courtship behavior observed in the field are correlated to this phenomenon.The short board should be improved within the time and space when using the light trap.Thirdly,Sophia-Aphid-Ladybug(SAL)banker plant system,was successfully used to control aphids on Jia Ju with a good results.Farmers reduce the use of insecticides,making costs less and product more.It is a new mode in biological control,including three parts: support plants,alternative food and beneficial organisms.The basic principle is to find effective support plants to cultivate insects as an alternative food for beneficial organisms feeding and breeding.When target pests occur considerably,beneficial organisms within the system transfer to the target crop to catch and feed on the target pests.SAL banker plant system raised one species of aphid on Descuminia sophia as an alternative food to attract the natural enemies to catch and feed on aphids and multiply.When aphids on Jia Ju occur in a large number,release the natural enemies into the field to feed on it.It produced excellent and sustainable results.At the same time,improving the local insect species richness and protecting local natural enemies.Comparing botanical insecticides,the control using SAL banker plant system is more sustainable,cost-efficient and labor-saving.