| In this experiment, the chrysanthemum type of ‘Jinba’ and‘Huangtianzan’ was selected as the experimental materials, microbialquantity(bacteria,fungi, actinomycetes) in rhizosphere soil with differentperiods, soil enzyme activity(urease, acid phosphate, catalase), and nutritiveelement content(N, P, K) was observed. By the analysis on the dynamics ofmicrobial quantity, soil enzyme activity, and nutritive element content, to clearthe damage continuous cropping obstacles bring to the soil, for the sake ofproviding theoretical basis to deal with continuous cropping obstacles. On theother hand,‘Tangyujinqiu’ variety of chrysanthemum was selected as theexperimental materials，the new kind of fermentative corn straw was chosen asmain matrix materials with the addition of slag and perlite. For the sake ofselecting the optimal matrix designation, the physicochemical properties ofmatrix with different treatments, dynamics of nutritive element content indifferent growth periods，root activities of the plants, and the chlorophyll content of the leaves was measured, also the morphological parameter,flowering time, flowering phase were recorded and calculated, in order toselect the reasonable matrix design for the scale production and increase thewaste utilization. The results showed that:1. The observing of microbial quantity(bacteria,fungi, actinomycetes) inrhizosphere soil with different periods showed that after continuous cropping,bacteria and actinomycetes number decreased, and fungi number increasedsignificantly, making the soil type changing from bacteria to fungi.2.The observing on soil enzyme activity of ‘Jinba’ and ‘Huangtianzan’showed that continuous cropping resulted in the decreasing of catalase activityand the increasing of urease, acid phosphate activity. Till the flowering time ofsecond cropping, catalase activity accounted86.67%for the one beforeplanting of the first cropping; urease, acid phosphate activity increased by48.17%and27.96%respectively.3. The observing on the available nutrient element content showed that inthe two-year continuous cropping, rhizospheric available N、P and the availablek content of ‘Jinba’ and ‘Huangtianzan’，the increasing range were all above 50%, in comparison of the first crop, the soil nutrient elements accumulatedserious, the analysis suggests that exogenous inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer isthe main factors the soil accumulates; continuous cropping leads to thedeterioration of physical-chemical properties of soil, which could reduce theChrysanthemum root’s ability in absorbing available nutrients, and also be oneof the reasons for available nutrients accumulating.4. The observing on the physicochemical property of matrix of‘Tangyujinqiu’ type showed that in the three growth periods, total porosity andholding porosity was in a trend of decline, on account of the root growthoccupying the porosity of the matrix, and the bulk density was increasing; PHincreased first and then decreased, this is because the microorganisms resolvedthe carbohydrate in the matrix during the later growth of the chrysanthemum,organic acids decreased the PH; EC value decreased first and then increased,which obtained the maximum value in green budding period, this was relatedto the great nutrient consumption in the period.5. The observing on dynamics of nutrient element content in the growthperiod of ‘Tangyujinqiu’ showed that available P and K was decreasing in general, from green budding period to flowering period, it decreased mostsignificantly.6. The projection persuit model was built to select a preferable matrixdesign, results showed that with the consideration of PH, EC, holding porosity,aeration porosity, plant height, flower stem, flowering time and duration, rootactivity and chlorophyll content, T7was selected as the preferable matrixdesign, in other words, potted matrix with volume ratio of corn straw matrix：perlite：slag=3:1:2was recommended as the optimal designation. |
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