| Under the condition of field experiment,the winter wheat cultivar Ta inong 18 was used as the experimental material,under three different treatments: T1(following local field management practices),T2(high-yield: high nitrogen and water supply),and T3(high-yield,high–efficiency: optimized field management),and the ecological factors such as radiation,temperature and precipition were studied in four consecutive wheat growing seasons in October,2012,to July,2016.The differences of climatic factors such as radiation,temperature and precipition were studied,and the relationship between nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium utilization rate,water use efficiency,yield and related factors were analyzed,and the relationship between light energy and population structure And analyzed the high yield,high efficiency and stable cultivation mode.The main results are as follows: 1 Analysis of climatic factors such as accumulated te mperature,radiation and precipitation in wheat seasonThe climatic factors of the four wheat growing seasons in this experiment were analyzed.The results showed that the total accumulated temperature was lower in the whole season of 2012-2013 than that in the other birth season,but the accumulated temperature in the bootingflowering period The average height of other fertility season is 13.56%,and the accumulated temperature after the flower is less,and it is found that t here are extreme low temperatures in the breeding season of 2012-2013 and 2015-2016,and the extremely low temperature weather below-10.00 ? reaches 15 days and 10 Day,and 2015-2016 during the birth season after the maximum temperature is low.The analysis of the light radiation of the four wheat growing season shows that the diurnal light radiation is more than that of the other pre-holiday season,but the light radiation after the flower is less.The total light radiation is lower than other birth seaso n,but its postantipyretic radiation accounts for 32.59% of the whole growth period,which is 8.73% higher than the average growth period of 2014-2015 and 2015-2016.From 2014-2015,the average light radiation from winter-jointing was 16.73 percent higher than that of other growth periodThe analysis of the rainfall in the four wheat growing season shows that the wintering and jointing precipitation in the breeding season of 2012-2013 are more and the precipitation is more arid in the 2013-2014 season.The precipitation in the whole growth period is 39.59% lower than the average rainfall in the other growth season,In the 2014-2015 season,jointing and booting were 238.01% higher than those in the other breeding season.In the 1950-2016,the precipitation distribution was 42.90 mm higher than that of the other growth season,and the precipitation The amount is very small.It can be seen that there are significant differences in the external environment of winter wheat growth in different growth stages.There are significant differences in the total accumulated temperature,light radiation and precipitation distribution in the four birth seasons of the experiment.Therefore,the experimental environment is helpful to clarify that climate factors have a significant effect on the formation of interannual winter wheat yield.2 Different patterns can be used to analyze the difference between nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium and utilization rateIn this experiment,it was found that under the same field condition,the winter wheat was planted continuously for several years,and the available elements in the soil increased with the increase of planting times,and the elements were increasing under the three cultivation modes(T1,T2,T3)The utilization rate of the available materials showed a decreasing trend,but there were differences in the increase of the available elements and the decreasing rate of the elements in different cultivation modes.It was found that the utilization of fertilizers could be effective ly improved by the cultivation methods and the available elements Increase the speed.The increase of available nitrogen in soil was T2> T1> T3,and the rate of nitrogen use was T2> T1> T3.The increase of available phosphorus in soil was T2> T3> T1,nitrogen utilization rate The rate of decreasing potassium was T2> T3> T1,and the rate of nitrogen utilization was T2> T3> T1.It can be seen that the nitrogen residue in the soil is the least in the T3 mode,and the nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rates a re higher than those of the other two modes.The phosphorus and potassium residues and potassium utilization rate are in the middle level,and T3 has the more efficient element utilization ability.3 Analysis of Interval Water Use Efficiency in Different PatternsIn this experiment,the water use efficiency of the three models was studied by the number of irrigation times and the irrigation time.It was found that the T3 model had the highest water use efficiency,followed by T2 and the smallest was T1.The use of irrigation water and soil water is still the most efficient T3 model,it can be seen,T3 model of high water use efficiency,the analysis of water consumption found that T3 mode,the total consumption of the smallest,its consumption of soil water Minimal.The results showed that the water use efficiency of T3 model was the largest in the three models,but the water use efficiency of other sources(irrigation water and precipitation)was the smallest among the three models.For soil water differences,mainly 2013-2014(dry years)by increasing the absorption of soil water to compensate for the lack of precipitation.4 Comparison of the ratio of the main stem and the number of the tiller and the maximum tiller numbe r and spike rate of winter wheat in different planting patternsIn this experiment,the ratio of main stem and panicle of winter wheat population was 38.85%,58.68% and 66.92% respectively in T1,T2 and T3 mode,and it was found that the tiller was the main Stem and panicle and tiller and pa nicle,and the proportion of main stem spike in T3 pattern was significantly higher than that of the other two models.It was found that the higher proportion of stem The basis of stable and stable yield of photosynthetic performance.In this experiment,the maximum tiller number per unit area and the number of ineffective tiller were centered in T3 mode,while the spike rate was the highest,and the coefficient of variation of the three indexes was the lowest in T3 pattern,indicating that the main stem was the main T3 pattern,the maximum tiller and the ineffective tiller were moderate,but the spike rate was significantly higher than that of the other two models,and the variation was the smallest among the years.Therefore,it had strong stability in ens uring the foothopping.5 Analysis of Inte rannual Leaf Area Index,Light Interception and Inte rception in Winter Wheat under Different Planting PatternsIn this study,the leaf area index,light intercept rate and light intercept were significantly lower than those of T1,T2 and 14 days before bruising,but the leaf area index,The intercept rate of light and the intercept of light energy were significantly higher than those of T1 and T2.With the advance of fertility process,the interannual difference of leaf area index and light intercept rate increased gradually,but T3 The interannual variability of the model is significantly smaller than that of the T1 and T2 modes,showing that the T3 mode has a relatively stable ability to intercept light.Winter wheat photosynthesis is mainly through the absorption of solar radiation and assimilation of carbon dioxide and water,the final manufacture of organic substances and the release of oxygen.In the process of dry matter accumulation and yield formation of winter wheat,the utilization of light energy can be roughly described as the interception-utilizationdistribution of light energy,and the capacity of light energy can be reflected by the photosynthetic rate.In this study,it was found that there were significant differences in the utilization of light energy between winter wheat and different cultivars,and the differences were also different in the same treatment.Compared with the three different groups,it was found that after T3 The photosynthetic rate was significantly lower than that of T2 before 14 days,but the photosynthetic rate was significantly higher than that of T2 and T1 after 14 days.The difference in photosynthetic rate between the two years showed that the difference of photosynthetic rate between the two years gradually increased with the advancement of the fertility process,while the difference of photosynthetic rate in the T3 model was related to the growth process,The difference gradually increased,but significantly smaller than the T1,T2 mode,it can be seen in the T3 mode of the interannual light energy utilization difference is relatively small,can maintain a more stable light energy utilization,for the formation of stable production laid a solid basis.6 Analysis of Inter-annual Yield of Winter Wheat under Different Planting PatternsIn this study,it was found that the dry matter accumulation in winter wheat was different under the same planting pattern,but the difference was different in different models.For the four birth seasons,three models(T1,T2,T3).The results showed that the dry matter accumulation in T2 mode was the highest,T3 was the second,and the T1 pattern was the smallest.The differences in the differences between the years were found.The difference between the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation(Standard deviation,coefficient of variation)were compared with those of T1> T2> T3.The The results showed that the dry matter accumulation in the three models had the greatest effect on the yield,followed by the harvest index,so the trend of the yield and the variation of the yield and the dryness of the crop were analyzed.Material accumulation of the amount of consistent,we can see T3 planting mode to obtain stable production is the key to the accumulation of dry matter stability.It can be seen that the high yield and high efficiency groups constructed by appropriate " increasing plant density,reducing nitrogen input,and delaying the sowing date " can achieve stable panicle number,spike rate and biological yield by increasing the proportion of main stem spike,thus realizing winter wheat of the stable production.The high yield and high efficency groups of winter wheat constructed with appropriate " increasing plant density,reducing nitrogen input,and delaying the sowing date " can effectively cope with the interannual variability of climatic factors and increase the efficient utilization of water and nitrogen,And then maintain the interannual variability of the leaf area index,light intercept rate and interception and photosynthetic rate,thus forming a stable biological yield,to achieve inter-annual wheat stable production. |
PDF Full Text Request