Study On Environment Technical Efficiency And Environment Total Factor Productivity Of Apple Farmer Households In Loess Plateau

As one of the advantages of agricultural products in China,apple's production has been on the rise in recent years.From 1990 to 2014,apple's production has been rising from 4.3193 million tons to 40.9232 million tons,increased nearly 10 times.In recent years,apple industry has developed rapidly in our country.It's area layout is optimized and the economic benefit is more and more significant.Apple industry is becoming more and more prominent in many rural county which can increasing peasants' income.And the apple industry is gradually becoming the pillar industry which can develope local economy and enrich the farmers.However,the development of apple industry still follows the extensive mode of production which relies on the high intensity inputs such as pesticides,chemical fertilizers and agricultural films to gain higher economic benefit.In this case,the environment suffers relatively serious damage.In the process of apple production,the inputs such as pesticides,chemical fertilizers,agricultural films,agricultural machinery and other inputs will produce non-point source pollution and carbon emissions,which do serious harm to soil,water and air.These problems have to be solved.This is related to the whole apple industry and the sustained and harmonious development of the rural economies and environment.As one of China's main apple production regions,the healthy development of the apple industry of the loess plateau is a critical priority.Based on the survey data of major apple production areas in our country--the loess plateau area(JingNing county in gansu province,qinan county in gansu province,linyi county in shanxi,wanrong county in shanxi,lingbao county in henan,luochuan county in shaanxi province)from 2013 to 2015,this paper used the input-oriented non-radial SBM model to measure environmental technology efficiency and environment total factor productivity which consider the non-point source pollution and carbon emissions.the article put forward theoretical assumptions of influence factors about the ETE and ETFP.Then the article applied Tobit model to make the empirical research.The results showed that:(1)The overall environmental technology efficiency of apple was at lower levels,with a mean of 0.460,which can improve a lot.(2)The difference of environmental technology efficiency difference was bigger,the ranking was luochuan > jingning > linyi > wanrong> lingbao > qinan.From 2013 to 2015,the ETFP of jingning and qinan showed a trend of improvement and other areas with different degree of deterioration.Tobit regression results showed that:(1)The education of householder and the number of farming per acre,average family income,apple's average selling price had a marked positive effect on the ETE and ETFP of apple farmer households.(2)The non-agricultural income ratio,natural disasters,fertilizer use intensity had a negative effect on both.(3)Pesticides use intensity had a significant negative effect on ETE and it had no significant negative effects on ETFP.Site type had a significant negative effect on the ETE,and it had no significant negative effects on ETFP.Fruitbags investment per acre had positive effect on ETE,but the effect was not significant.Fruitbags investment per acre had a significant negative effect on ETFP.(4)The household's age,technical training,apple tree's had no significant impact on both.On the basis of the study,the article put forward suggestions to improve ETE and ETFP from the level of government and apple farmer households separately.(1)Government could strengthen the infrastructure construction,improve the production condition,perfect natural disaster defense system,promote the agricultural insurance,strengthen the construction of agrotechnical station,develope new technologies,build a production and marketing information communication channels,strengthen the market management level of farms,promote soil testing formula technology and encourages the development of green agriculture.(2)Apple farmer households could strengthen the technical training,improve the level of management,optimize the structure of apple varieties,broaden the sales channels optimize the structure of inputs,improve the production model.