Research On Water Irrigation And Fertilizer Applying Model Of Winter Wheat And Summer Maize In Jinghuiqu Irrigation District

Jing Huiqu irrigation area is an important grain supply area in Shaanxi Province,and the grain stability of the region is self-evident for the grain stability in the province and even in the northwest.However,most of the irrigated fertilizers in the irrigated areas are based on the traditional way of field border irrigation,the nitrogen fertility rate is low,the waste is more serious,and the straw is mostly burned by the farmers.The long-term irrigation and fertilization model is not conducive to the sustainable operation of Jinghuqu irrigation area,while environmental pollution problems caused by burning of straw become increasingly prominent,it should take full account of the crop in the current vigorously implement the straw return measures reasonable water and fertilizer coupling model.The test was to investigate the effects of different water level and nitrogen supply on growth indexes,economic efficiency,water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat and summer maize in order to provide advising of irrigation and fertilization method in Jinghuiqu irrigation district and provide theoretical basis for agricultural production.The irrigation levels was 160,240 and 320 mm and the nitrogen levels was 100,160 and 220 kg/hm~2 in the test of winter wheat,The irrigation levels was 180,and 270 mm and the nitrogen levels was100,180 and 260 kg/hm~2 in the test of summer maize.The test obtaines the following results:(1)Water is an essential factor for the growth of winter wheat and summer maize,while natural rainfall can not meet the water demands of crops during the whole growth period,irrigation is the important method to provide water supplying for winter wheat and summer maize.The appropriate irrigation can promote the growth and development of winter wheat and summer maize by increasing the biomass and yield of crops,the plant height,panicle number and grain weight of crops,and promote the uptake and utilization of soil nitrogen.Under the test condition,When the irrigation quota was 320 mm,the yield and the water storage capacity of 0 ~ 200 cm soil layer were higher,but the water use efficiency of winterwheat was lower.Decline,the irrigation quota of 320 mm could not meet the water-saving benefits evaluation.The irrigation quota of 180 mm during summer maize compared with 270 mm,the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer was more reasonable,the yield and water use efficiency were higher.Therefore,under the experimental conditions,the appropriate winter wheat irrigation quota should be 240 mm,3 times irrigation,the appropriate summer maize irrigation quota should be used 180 mm,2 times irrigation.(2)Nitrogen is also an essential element for crop growth and plays an important role in crop growth and development.Under the test condition,the water consumption and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under the same water treatment increased first and then decreased with the improvement of nitrogen application rate.The accumulation of nitrogen in soil and the water use efficiency increased with the improvement of nitrogen application rate,When the total nitrogen content reached 200 kg / hm~2,the indexes reached the peak.The appropriate total nitrogen rate of winter wheat was 160 kg / hm~2.The water consumption of summer maize increased with improvement of nitrogen application rate.Nitrogen use efficiency,water use efficiency and yield increased first and then decreased with the improvement of nitrogen application rate,the three indexes reached the maximum when the total nitrogen content was 180 kg/ hm~2.So the appropriate total nitrogen rate of summer maize was 160 kg / hm~2.(3)Considering the total yield,total biomass,total input,total output and total loss ratio of winter wheat and summer maize during the pattern of planting twice a year,it was found that winter wheat was treated with nitrogen in medium water or treated with higher nitrogen in medium water,and with lower water treatment in summer maize,the total yield,total biomass and the total net income were higher,the total input was lower,which was more reasonable planting pattern.Considering yield,nitrogen use efficiency,water use efficiency,economic efficiency and so on,the suitable irrigation quota and nitrogen application rate of winter wheat were 240 mm and 160 kg / hm~2,the suitable irrigation quota and nitrogen application rate of summer maize were 180 mm and 180 kg/hm~2.