| Fur animals,including minks,foxes,raccoons and haired rabbits,can supply luxury fur and wool for people and have been feed in many countlries.In China,the amount of fur animals was increasing year by year from 2008 and was more than 100 million in 2013.In Shandong province of China,fur animals become important integrates of the animal husbandry and can improve the income of the farmers,so it plays a positive role in increasing exports and improving the local economic development.But there are still some important scientific problems to be resolved,such as the absence of knowledge on the structure and components of fur,fatty and muscle in these fur animals,and the residue of melatonin(MT)in the MT-treated minks or foxes,and the biological effects of MT on haired rabbits.This study focused on these objectives and obtained some new findings.The grown-up minks and foxes and raccoons were collected from many farmers of Shandong province;and the samples of skin tissue and fatty and muscle and blood were obtained and detected using different special methods according to the references.The micro-structure of skin tissue of minks and foxes and raccoons was comparatively analyzed by paraffin slice.The components of their subcutaneous fatty were detected using GC-MS.The amino acids(AA)and volatiles components in their muscles were detected by HPLC and GC-MS.The residue melatonin(MT)in the blood and muscle of MT-treated minks and foxes were detected using MT-ELISA kits and its biological safety was evaluated by the inoculating experiment in mice.Additionally,the effects of MT on the development of young haired-rabbits were observed by subcutaneously-buried experiments with different doses ofMT.The result showed as follows:(1)The structure of the primary fur follicles(hair follicles)and the secondary hair follicles(hair follicles)of the three fur creatures were significantly different,and the thickness distribution of the two groups was different.The hair follicles in the neck and front leg were dense,Sparse.(2)The ratios of unsaturated fatty acids in subcutaneous fat of minks,foxes and raccoons were 68.86%,72.75% and 71.22%,which are more than those of pigs,goats and beefs.(3)The ratios of 16 kinds of amino acids in the muscle of minks,foxes and raccoons were 19.03%,20.46% and 20.61%,respectively;the relative ratios of volatile flavor compounds in the muscle of minks,foxes and raccoons were770.79%,46.22% and 51.01%,respectively.(4)The concentrations of residue MT in blood of56 minks and 35 foxes were 101.40±52.14 ng/L and 72.31±24.84 ng/L;and in their muscles were 240.31±45.12 ng/g and 663.43±26.36 ng/g,respectively.the melatonin with dose of 5mg or 10 mg could significantly improve the feed intake,growth and the blood routine indicators of the inoculated mice and also increase blood MT concentrations in two weeks.(5)The buried melatonin with two doses could not significantly affect the feed intake and growth,fur quality and blood MT concentrations in haired rabbits,but could significantly affect the feed intake and growth and blood MT concentrations,but could significantly improve the development index of rabbits' spleen and kidney and inhibit the development of testicular.This study is very helpful for understanding the biological characters of skin fur,fatty and muscle of minks and foxes and raccoons,and for understanding the biological effects of melatonin on fur animals. |
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