The Comparative Study On The Soil And Water Conservation In Black Soil Region Between China And America

There are three black soil regions in the world,located in the Mississippi River in North America,the Dnieper River Plain of Ukraine in Europe and the Northeast Plain of China in Asia.Due to natural climatic conditions,history and human factors,the black soil region of Northeast China caused by bare surface of the eastern mountain forests,ravines and gullies criss-cross of central hills,shrinking of West Lake wetland,soil layer gradually thinning,soil erosion is becoming more and more serious.In order to prevent and control soil erosion,study on formulating practical policies and measures for rational utilization and protection of water and soil resources in the black soil region of Northeast China is imminent.This paper mainly focused on the governance problem of soil erosion in black soil region of Northeast China,dedicated to analyze the problems and reasons of water and soil conservation in black soil region of northeast stage and to explore the suitable conditions of our country,and also soil and water conservation protection methods and measures which can meet the requirements of global vision.Therefore,this paper combed the water and soil resources and soil erosion status,compared between Chinese and American in laws and regulations,administrative management system,capital operation,prevention and control of soil erosion in different areas of production and construction projects,introduced the land fallow subsidy program in the United States(CRP)and environmental civil litigation system,and compared the frequency from soil erosion survey,engineering measures of soil and water conservation,governance the program of soil and water conservation in small watershed,effect and monitoring mechanism.Finally summarized the problems and reasons of the soil erosion in the black soil region of Northeast China,and gave some countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of laws and regulations,system,methods and measures based on the present situation of soil and water conservation.The study found that the process of the development of the black soil region of Northeast China and the Mississippi River in black soil region of the history of the United States in the development process is extremely similar,reason of soil erosion is exactly the same.The American legal system is relatively perfect,playing a good role in the folk organization of soil and water conservation.To solve the problem of soil erosion in the United States,people-oriented embodied the spirit of democracy in the soil and water conservation,environmental policy in the subsidy mode,environmental litigation system of citizens,to protect the environment as the main purpose of the land expropriation policy is very worthy of our reference.Black soil area in Northeast China soil and water conservation work still exists some problems,such as administrative bull management problems,soil erosion,control engineering the implementation of difficult issues,problems of inadequate monitoring ability,the implementation of the system of punishment is blocked,conducive to economic problems such as environment.To solve these problems,the author discusses relevant countermeasures,such as revising and improving laws and regulations,system construction,establishing compensation policy,giving full play to public initiative,diversifying investment,etc.This paper mainly studied the water and soil erosion caused by wind erosion and water erosion,and the management of soil and water conservation related to it.Land ownership,resource allocation,market order is not involved.