| The stability of farmland ecosystem is not only concerned with the quality of cultivated land and crop yields,but also closely related to the function of farmland ecosystem services.Soil animals and weeds are two important parts of the biodiversity of farmland,which play an important role in maintaining the stability of farmland ecosystem.However,the use of herbicides while destroying weeds is not only polluting the soil environment but also has a poisonous effect on soil animals,result in a substantial reduction in soil animal species and quantity.Soil Collembola are one of the three main groups of soil fauna,which have important effect on the soil environment and cultivated land quality.Rational utilization of weeds in the field is very important to protect animals,solve the contradiction between weeds and crop,and for the quality of cultivated land protection and stability of farmland ecosystem through weeds management that educe the soil weeding herbicide use.To understand the influence of weeds on soil biodiversity,we conducted a litter-bag experiment to investigate the effects of weed leaves on soil Collembola.The effect of springtails on blades decomposition and nutrient transformation were also studied.In addition,we investigated the weed management on Collembola and soil environment.In total 13653 individual of collembolans were captured by litter-bag and identified to 11 species from 5 families.Sinella umesaoi,Thalassaphorura encarpata and Lepidocyrtus sp.1 were the three dominant species.There were significant differences in the relative abundance and number of individuals between each leave,and the number of Collembola in Amaranthus retroflexus leaves was higher than that of fresh maize leaves and Echinochloa hispidula leaves.The number of Collembola in mix leaves materials was higher than that of single leaves,A.retroflexus + E.hispidula > A.retroflexus + E.hispidula + mature maize > A.retroflexus > E.hispidula > mature maize.The community structure of the Collembola varied significantly at different sampling times,and the relative abundance of Thalassaphorura encarpata and Sinella umesaoi was significantly higher at 30 days than 10 days.Single leaf variety had no significantly effect on species richness.There is a tendency that species richness was increased with leaf diversity.The diversity index and richness index were not different in various leave varieties.There is a significant difference in decomposition rate between different single leaf,A.retroflexus > fresh maize> E.hispidula= mature maize;A variety of leaf mixed relatively increased leaf decomposition rate,A.retroflexus > A.retroflexus + E.hispidula + mature maize > A.retroflexus + E.hispidula > E.hispidula > mature maize,and the leaf decomposition rate in three leaves is significantly higher than E.hispidula and mature maize.In total 4341 individual of collembolans were captured in the experiment of weed management and identified to 9 species.The dominant species were Thalassaphorura sp.1,Folsomia sp.1,Sinella sp.1 The number of soil Collembola in different weed management treatment were different,and the number of soil Collembola change in different sampling time.In general,cutting weed and returning has a positive effect on the number of soil Collembola.The weed management had no significant effect on the community structure and species richness of soil Collembola.The surface gathering of Collembola were obvious,and the number of Collembola in 0~5cm were higher than 5~10cm.The number of Collembola and soil moisture content in different periods showed different correlation.There was no significant correlation between different weed management and soil fertility.There was a positive correlation between the total number of Collembola and C,N,P and K.The most Collembola were negatively correlated with the herbicide treatment,and the total number of Collembola were positively correlated with the tradition weed management and cutting remove treatment. |
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