| This experiment was conducted in the dry-water-saving science and technology park of Ning Xia Hui autonomous region Academy of water resources and hydropower between April 2016 and October 2016,spring maize was taken as the research material in field experiment.Coupling Test of Water and Fertilizer for Spring Maize set total of four irrigation treatments W1(60%ET0)、W2(75%ET0)、W3(90%ET0)、W4(105%ET0)and four fertilization treatments F1(60-30-30)、F2(120-60-60)、F3(180-90-90)、F4(240-120-120),also set a high water without fertilizertreatmentW4F0 as control(CK),to study the effects of different water and fertilizer supply on the growth,yield,water use efficiency and nutrient and water distribution of spring maize.The following main conclusions are obtained:(1)The effects of water and fertilizer coupling on plant height,stemdiameter and leaf area index of spring maize were significant.On plant height,the seedling stage of maize had little demand for water and nutrients,the difference in plant strain was not significant;during the jointing period,maize grows more rapidly and increases the demand for nutrient moisture;the plant height of maize increased most at the jointing stage and the end of heading stage;so the W4 irrigation level and F3 fertilization level were the most favorable combination of water and fertilizer for the growth of spring maize.On stem diameter,With the growth period advancing,the stem diameter of maize increased gradually;at jointing stage,the stem diameter of maize increased with the increase of irrigation and fertilization,and the requirement of water and nutrient in maize was higher during this growing period;at heading stage,the stem diameter increased,but the fertilizer level F4 inhibited it;at the filling stage,the stem diameter of maize decreased,and in the whole growth period,the stem diameter of maize showed a parabola relationship with time,and the apex appeared between the grain filling stage and the heading stage.On leaf area index,the leaf area of maize was small at the early stage of growth and the difference was not significant;the leaf area index of maize increased with the increase of irrigation and fertilization,and increased significantly with the growth period;as a whole,W4 irrigation treatmentand F3 fertilization treatment were the bestcombination of water and fertilizer for the growth of maize.(2)The dry matter accumulation and yield of spring maize also have obvious coupling effects of water and fertilizer.Maize ear length and widthincreased with irrigation volume increases,decreases with the increase of maize fertilization and irrigation of the convex tip length;Yieldof the irrigation and fertilization treatment W4F4 and W4F3 is relatively large,respectively is 14.4t/ha and 14.25t/ha.The amount of dry matter accumulation in maize was increased most rapidly between heading stage and filling stage,the amount of dry matter accumulation in maize reached its maximum at maturity;Research shows,the irrigation water use efficiency increases with the increase of fertilizer amount,under the same irrigation level,the irrigation water use efficiency has a correlation with the quality of corn aboveground dry matter,and yield and irrigation water use efficiency are reduced by a function.The amount of fertilizer and the amount of irrigation had a significant effect on the partial fertilizer productivity(PFP)of maize,and increasing the amount of fertilizer or the amount of irrigation could increase the partial productivity(PFP)of maize fertilizer.(3)Research shows,under drip irrigation,the soil moisture in spring maize root area is mainly distributed in 0-60cm;in the growth stage,the soilmoisture content can reach the vertical depth of 60 cm,soil moisture content decrease below 60cm;under drip irrigation conditions,the soilmoisture content was the largest at the distance of 0 cm from the dripper,40 cm below the vertical depth,the soil moisture content varied at different distances from the dripper;under drip irrigation,the content of nitrate nitrogen in soil profile is mainly distributed in the 0-40 cm soil layer,the content of nitrate nitrogen gradually decreased in the soil layer below 40 cm vertical depth;under the condition of high water and fertilizer treatment,nitrogen leaching occurred in the soil layer of 80-100 cm depth;the effects of irrigation and fertilization treatments on nitrogen accumulation in maize plants were obvious,the content of nitrogen in kernel of maize plant was the highest,the accumulation of nitrogen in maize plants increased with the increase of irrigation and fertilization;Irrigation and fertilization combination W4F3 is the most beneficial combination of water and fertilizer for growth and yield increase of Spring Maize. |
