Identification Of Cold Resistance And Disease Resistance Of Hybrids Of Grape Rootstock

Shanxi province is one of the largest apple production bases of China.There has a very suitable geographical location and climatic conditions in Shanxi province for apple planting.The main planting of apple in Qiangyang area is Fuji,Golden Delicious,Gala and so on.What is more,apple product has become more and more important source of income for the farmers in Qianyang area.However,in recent years,unscientific picking make Qianyang area apple suffer a huge economic losses.In order to reduce product of apple economic losses caused by improper picking,we established different apple starch iodine staining map under the method of starch iodine staining to provide a theoretical reference for the Qianyang area of scientific apple picking.We conduct an experiment with 4 apple varieties(‘Golden Delicious',‘Jonagold',‘Fuji' and ‘Granny Smith')from Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University Qianyang Apple planting place.And the research from 2016-08-01 to 2016-12-01,we pick apples of four apple varieties at one month before the time of theory maturity,and we harvest apples every 2-7 days.Apple samples send to laboratory immediately to measure physical signs(hardness,the soluble solid,the titratable acid content,coloring rate,starch index and internal ethylene content)and make 4 apples mature starch graphs later.Results show:(1)With the extension of the harvest time,the contents of firmness and titratable acid of the ‘Golden Delicious',‘Jonagold',‘Fuji' and ‘Granny Smith' have decreased,and the contents of soluble solids has increased,the content of internal ethylene increased first and then decreased.The coloring rates of apple of ‘Jonagold' and ‘Fuji' have increased gradually with the extension of harvest time.(2)In our study,the apples starch index of ‘Golden Delicious',‘Jonagold',‘Fuji' and ‘Granny Smith' have significantly correlated with its hardness,soluble solid and titratable acid content(p<0.01),the starch index was significant negative correlation with the hardness and titratable acid content(p<0.01)and significant positively correlation with soluble solids(p<0.01).‘Jonagold' and ‘Fuji' have positively correlated between starch index and the fruit coloring rate(p<0.01).(3)We established the iodine starch staining pattern in the maturity period of 4 apple cultivars and divided into 1~8 grade(Figure 7).The results show that: Based on the research result of Golden Delicious and ‘Jonagold' and ‘Fuji' and ‘Granny Smith' iodine starch staining pattern,we suggested that long-term cold storage of apples in Qianyang area,‘Golden Delicious' varieties should be harvest at 4 grade of starch staining pattern,namely 08-31(141 days after the anthesis of apple),‘Jonagold' should be harvested at 4 grade of the starch staining pattern,about 08-31(136 days after anthesis),‘Fuji' should be harvested at starch staining pattern level close to 6,about 10-12(179 days after anthesis),the ‘Granny Smith' of iodine starch staining grade of 3.09,about 9-30(166 days after anthesis)is best time to harvest.Moreover,we choose the appropriate harvest time according to the starch iodine staining pattern must taking the actual use of apple into consideration.