Effect On Farmland Productivity And Water Use In Maizelpeanut Intercropping System

In recent years,with the increasing individual material requirements and increasingly under the background of the contradiction between the shortage of natural resources,intercropping since it has improved crop yields and the advantages of efficient use of limited resources and widely planted around the north and the south in our country.Lots of maizelpeanut intercrop system is a kind of common gramineous crops and collocation of leguminous crops intercropping mode,has a large number of studies have shown that maize and peanut intercropping can improve the field microclimate and improve the utilization efficiency of crops of community resources to influence the formation of biomass and yield,so as to achieve intercropping advantage.Experiments were carried out from 2015 to 2016 in Fuxin Science Observation Research Stations of Agricultural Environment and Cultivated Land Conservation,and land equivalent ratio and water use equivalent ratio and spatial distribution characteristics of root under 2 rows maize and 4 rows peanut(2M:4P)and 4 rows maize and 4 rows peanut(4M:4P)and two sole crop.From between the ground and underground part of the competition and interaction relationship to find out the Liaoning northwest agricultural production of corn interplanting lots of peanuts mechanism of ecology,to the good development of maize and peanut intercropping the region to provide theoretical and technical basis.The main conclusions of this research are as follows:(1)In the intercropping pattern of 2M:4P and 4M:4P,we found the LER(Land Equivalent Ratio)was all over 1.10.Moreover,two intercropping patterns showed a stronger intercropping advantage.In 2015(dry year),LER was 1.16 and 1.24 in the intercropping pattern of 2M:4P and 4M:4P,respectively,which indicated that land productivity of the 2M;4P intercropping pattern is higher than that of the 4M:4P intercropping pattern in dry years;In 2016(rainy year),LER was 1.10 and 1.12 in the intercropping pattern of 2M:4P and 4M:4P,respectively,which indicated that land productivity of the 2M:4P intercropping pattern is less than that of the 4M:4P intercropping pattern in rainy years.(2)The dry matter accumulation of intercropping maize had obvious advantages compared with monoculture maize plants,which laid the foundation for the biological and grain yield improvement of intercropping system;however,the dry matter accumulation of intercropping peanut was lower than that of monoculture because of resource competition.(3)The soil moisture(0～100 cm)of maizelpeanut intercropping during a whole growing season showed an order was sole peanut>intercropping peanut>intercropping maize>sole maize.In 2015 and 2016 years,the WER(WER:Water equivalent ratio)of the 2M:4P and 4M:4P intercropping pattern were 1.12～1.23 and 1.16～1.17,respectively,which indicated the maizelpeanut intercropping has some advantages in water use efficiency.WER may be affected by rainfall,the impact of maize shade and soil moisture evaporation factors.In contrast with that of in 2016(rainy year),water productivity advantage of the 2M:4P intercropping patternt was higher than that of the 4M:4P intercropping patternt in 2015(dry year).(4)In the early growth stage of crops,the RLD(Root Length Density)and RSAD(Root Surface Area Density)of maize and peanut in intercropping systems were higher than that in monoculture.With the growth of crops and the change of resouce competition,in crops’mature period,the peanut in intercropping system was affected by the interlaced distribution of maize root,which ultimately led to the characteristics that the RLD(RLD:Root length density)and RSAD(RSAD:Root surface area density of intercropping peanut were both lower than that of sole peanut,but meanwhile the RLD and RSAD of intercropping maize were still higher than that of sole maize.As mentioned above,maizelpeanut intercropping can increase crop yield and improve water and land use efficiency.Considering different type of rainfall year,we can choose different intercropping patterns:we recommended the 2M:4P intercropping pattern in dry years,but we recommended the 4M:4P intercropping pattern in rainy years.