Effect Of Bacterial Manure Applied To Ginseng On The Growth And Rhizosphere Micro-ecology In Panax Ginseng

The experiments were performed on a farmland that had been disinfected,modified with green manure and organic fertilizer.The effect of bacterial manure of four concentrations on the growth and the rhizosphere micro-ecology of ginseng was investigated.The results are listed as follows:(1)The bacterial manure applied promoted the growth of ginseng plants.The survival rate increased by 8.5%-16.7% with the manure application.The best effect was seen with the medium concentration of manure being applied,showing a decrease in the incidence of the sheath blight and Cylindrocarpon destructans,an increase in the growth rate of 2-year old ginseng plants.The plant height and leaf area increased by 15.6%~29% and 20.8%~39.5%,respectively.The optimal effect was seen with a the medium concentration on plnat height and the high concentration on leaf area.(2)The pathogen of the sheath blight,Rhizoctonia solani was separated,showing white filament form with velvet,purple pigment circle on the back.The conidia of the pathogen appeared in 2 forms: a small conidia which was sickle shaped and a large conidia which was ovoid with obvious separation in this 2 forms.(3)Applied bacterial manure had a positive effect on physicochemical properties of farmland soil.The total N,available P,organic matter and p H increased by 10.8%~11.6%,19.0%~22.2%,21.0%~34.2% and 4.3%~7.3%,respectively,with medium or high concentrations of the manure,which was favourable for ginseng growth.(4)The activity of acid phosphatise and sucrase in soil was enhanced with the applied bacterial manure,with the medium and high concentration showing the best effect;the activity of urease and catalase in soil was also increase with the application of bacterial manure at higher concentrations.(5)Applied bacterial manure changed the bacterical community of each sample,improved the Ace index,Chao1 index,Shannon index and the diversity of bacterial community all increased with the application of the bacterial manure compare with the control group.The phyla of Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Chloroflexi,Acidobacteria,Bacteriodetes,Gemmatimonadetes,Firmicutes,Verrucomicrobia and Archaea dominated the soil microbial communities.The abundance of Gemmatimonas increased 7.03% and 11.79% at the medium and lower manure concentrations,and 10.27% at higher concentrations.At lower concentrations,the abundance of Methanosarcina decreased 51.38%,while Clostridium sensu stricto 1 decreased by 68.93%,48.22% and 82.52% at different concentrations.The abundance of Massilia increased 39.11% at lower concentrations compared with the control,the abundance of Candidatus and Solibacter decreased 19.50% and 13.75% at medium and lower concentrations,respectively.No significant difference was seen at higher concentrations.Ven analysis showed differences in different treatments with ginseng growth,the number of OTU increased in the soil samples from budding stage to red fruit stage.Heatmap analysis showed that the bacterial community diversity did not changed.At medium and higher concentrations,bacterial community diversity showed difference compared with the control group.LEfSe analysis showed that the different bacteria and the concentration of bacteria manure had obvious correlation.Applied bacterial manure improved the abundance of Candidatus Devosia euplotis,Hydrogenophaga,Flavobacterium,Chitinophagaceae,Arenibacter,Xanthomonadaceae,Porphyrobacter,Chitinophagaceae,Nitrospira,Bryobacter.The abundance of Hydrogenophaga?Nitrospira Chitinophagaceae ? Candidatus Devosia euplotis had positive correlation with the concentration of bacteria manure,and the abundance of Bryobacter,Gaiella had negative correlation.RAD analysis showed that the relationship between different concentration and bacterial communities in soil samples,the concentration of Arthroba,Sphingom,Brybact,Massilia had positive correlation with the concentration of bacteria manure,and the abundance of Gemmatim,Clostrid,Candidat,Methanos had negative correlation.To sum up,the application of bacterial manure at medium and high concentrations changed the bacterical community significantly,enhanced enzymatic activity in the soil and altered the ratio of N,P,K in the soil,which were beneficial for the growth of ginseng bud,for the emergence rate of ginseng and soil fertility.