| Opius flavus Weng et Chen is a major larval-pupal endoparasitoid of Liriomyza sativae Blandchard.Under laboratory condition,we studied laval morphology,adult biological characters,the influence of nutrition and temperature on longevity and reproduction and the functional response.The main results were listed as follows:(1)The larvae of O.flavus underwent 5 instars.The 1st instar larvae had strong mandible,and the mammillary humps were located between the single eyes,this instar were manibulate,while the mandible was vestigial in 2nd instar.The larvae in 3rd instar had less head width in these cranium.In 4th instar larvae,there were some white fat granule in the end of the abdomen.The cuticle differents from the middle of the segment of the throrax,covered by the bristle.(2)Adults parasitoids emerged by daylight with a peak emergence at 8:00-10:00,and most of them mated on the day of emergence.The female mated for only once while the male mated for several times in their lifetime.The six ratio was female-biased(?:??1.79:1).Parasitoids punctured the host several times by using ovipositor after finding them,and oviposited.In addition,some of the parasitoids would feed the host.(3)Different nurtrition treatments can affect the longevity of O.flavus,the results showed that the longest longevity of female with the treatment "host&20%honey" was 25.31d,and the 2nd was the treatment "20%glucose",the 3rd was the treatment "host&20%glucose",longevity severally were 18.52d and 17.85d,the shortest average longevity was the treatment "distilled water" with only 1.83d;The longevity of male severally were 1.94d?2.40d?2.27d?13.25d?17.39d?12.89d?13.49d?10.78d and 10.52d.Supplying nurtrition could rise the average longevity of O.flavus.Supplying different nurtrition(distilled water,20%honey,20%glucose)could rise the average longevity of O.flavus,the average egg quantity severally were 20.82,198.27,235.68,and O.flavus laid eggs at the peak between 3rd day to 9th day after emergence.(4)The longevity increased with the decrease of temperature,the longest average longevity of female and male severally were 34.73d and 24.30d at 22 ?;the shortest average longevity of female and male severally were 11.19d and 7.42d at 34 ?.Low temperature could observably extend the longevity of O.flavus,and female were more longevous than male;The total egg quantity severally were 158.83,235.68,183.92,15.27.(5)The functional response of the parasitoids could be described very well by Holling ?.The order of instantaneous attact rate were 26 ?>30 ?>22 ?>34 ?.The highest parasitism efficiency was at 26 ?,more than 15 times in 34 ?.At the same temperature,the number of the larvae of L.sativae parasitized by O.flavus increased with the increasing of the host larvae;the searching effect of O.flavus decreased with the increasing of the host larvae,the relationship between them severally were S22?=-0.0119x+0.2074,R2=0.9933;S26?=-0.0308x+0.2852,R2=0.9655;S30?=-0.0235x+0.2515,R2=0.9768;S34?=-0.0089x+0.099,R2=0.9789.With the same host density,the number of host larvae was at the peakest at 26 ?.The interference efficiency of O.flavus to itself density was significant.By using Hassell-Varley model,Q was highest while m was lowest at 26 ?.The searching ability was weak at high temprerature,while the suitable temperature could enhance the searching ability. |
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