Effects Of Nano-carbon On Maize Yield And Environment

To explore the agricultural sustainable path of improving crop yields,improving fertilizer use efficiency and reduce environmental pollution is the urgent requirement of safeguarding national food security and improving agricultural ecological environment.Three Gorges reservoir area’s terrain is complexis and steep,and it’s a fragile ecological environment in China,local agricultural production and ecological environment construction is limited by a limited area of cultivated land,the majority of sloping land,and the serious pollution of non-point source.The introduction of new fertilizer improvement technologies for local terrain,soil and climate characteristics provides an important opportunity to improve these problems.The effect of nano-carbon on soil environment and crop growth has become a hot topic in the current research,and the role of nano-carbon in soil improvement,crop yield and fertilizer use efficiency has been confirmed in many studies.In order to clarify the effect of nano-carbon additive on crop yield and ecological environment,layout runoff plot observation and field experiment to study the effects of nano-carbon on maize yield,runoff nitrogen loss,soil nutrient change and soil nitrogen surplus under different nitrogen application rates,and use the LCA model to evaluation the effects of different fertilization treatments on the price of environmental resources in maize production,and explore the way for the development of the Three Gorges reservoir area resource conservation and environment-friendly agriculture.The results of this study are as follows:1.The effect of nano-carbon additive on the runoff nitrogen loss of sloping land under different nitrogen application results showed that: The order of total nitrogen load from runoff to water in the whole growth period is conventional fertilization(N)> conventional fertilization+ nano-carbon(NC1)> 80%conventional fertilization+ nano-carbon(NC2)> 60%conventional fertilization+ nano-carbon(NC1),were 7.10 kg/hm2,6.46 kg/hm2,6.28 kg/hm2 and 5.76 kg/hm2,respectively,the ratio of nitrogen loss was 2.54%,2.31%,2.80% and 2.43%,respectively;In the analysis of total nitrogen and nitrate loss,the addition of nano-carbon fertilization can reduce the nitrogen loss concentration,but the significant effect of reducing nitrogen loss was observed after reducing 20% nitrogen fertilizer compared with conventional fertilization treatment(N).The yield of maize was higher than that of conventional fertilization(N)by 18.37%,10.37% and 4.17%,respectively.Add nano-carbon to nitrogen fertilizer can increase yield,reduce runoff nitrogen nutrient loss,and improve the quantity of soil available phosphorus,total potassium,organic matter content.2.The effects of nano-carbon additive on maize dry matter quality and maize yield by field experiment under different nitrogen application results showed that: the order of corn production is 80%conventional fertilization+ nano-carbon(TC2)> 90%conventional fertilization+ nano-carbon(TC1)> conventional fertilization+ nano-carbon(TC0)> 70%conventional fertilization+ nano-carbon(TC3)> conventional fertilization(T0)> 60%conventional fertilization+ nano-carbon(TC4),compared with conventional fertilization,corn production of add nano-carbon fertilization treatment(TC0~TC4)were 7.28%、11.05%、13.82%、2.86%、-2.82% higher than conventional fertilization,respectively,and the effect of reducing 20% of nitrogen fertilizer was the most obvious.In the maize vegetative growth stage(seedling stage and jointing stage),the dry matter quality of different fertilization treatments was close,as the corn enters the reproductive growth stage(silking period,grain filling stage and maturity),the difference gradually appears,dry matter quality at maturity of maize of add nano-carbon fertilization treatment(TC0~TC4)were 7.25%、14.06%、16.56%、7.62%、-4.61% higher than conventional fertilization,respectively.3.The effects of nano-carbon additive on corn uptake,soil nutrient content and soil nitrogen surplus by field experiment under different nitrogen application results showed that: corn uptake of add nano-carbon fertilization treatment(TC0~TC4)were 19.42%、26.64%、23.32%、3.43%、-10.37% higher than conventional fertilization,respectively,and nitrogen surplus decreased by 35.97%,69.22%,84.78%,50.88%,38.63%,respectively.The addition of nano-carbon in fertilizer had a significant effect on plant nitrogen uptake and soil nitrogen surplus,and the effect of reducing 20% of nitrogen fertilizer was the most obvious.Since the effect of fertilization on soil nutrient change is a long-term process,in this experiment,the effect of nano-carbon additive on improving the soil fertility and soil environment was not exhibited by monitoring the soil nutrient change.4.The effects of nano-carbon additive on resources and environment costs in maize Production by LCA modle under different nitrogen application results showed that: in the list of resource consumption and environmental emissions for each fertilization treatment,add nano-carbon to nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the value of the environmental emission targets.Producing 1t maize,add nano-carbon treatments decreased greenhouse effect by 17.79% 、 33.97% 、 47.87% 、 46.15% 、 37.32%,acidification potential by 8.28%、21.85%、37.50%、42.44%、38.41%,eutrophication by 31.00%、50.23%、61.85%、53.78%、40.74%,energy consumption by 7.76%、21.38% 、 37.28% 、 42.77% 、 39.34%,respectively,compared with conventional fertilization.This study shows that add nano-carbon to nitrogen fertilizer can increase maize yield,reduce the impact on the environment,however,the effect of adding nano-carbon on maize yield,reducing runoff nitrogen loss,reducing soil nitrogen surplus and reducing the adverse effects of environment under the condition of higher or lower nitrogen fertilizer application was not significant.At the present level,the application of nano-carbon treatment with 224 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer can achieve the highest yield and the least negative impact on the environment,it is a green and environment-friendly fertilization model.