Effects Of Pigeon Feces On Soil Bacterial Diversity And Its Driving Factors

Microorganisms,the main life in soil,play important roles in nutrient cycling and energy conversion process in soil.Therefore,it is important to study microbial community structure and diversity in soil.Analysis of effects of different environmental factors on soil microbial diversity and geographical distribution characteristics of the formation and maintenance mechanism gradually become one of the hot spots of soil microbial research.In order to clarify the soil microbial diversity and biogeographic distribution characteristics of the influencing factor,answer some basic scientific questions abOTU soil microbial ecology.The microbial community structure between soil and pigeon manure was studied by comparative genomics method;bacterial community structure and diversity in soil,which concluded pigeon feces,soil type,flooding environment and soil physical and chemical factors,was detected by PCR-DGGE and Illumina miseq sequencing technology;the main controlling factors of soil microbial community structure and diversity was analysed by multivariate regression statistical analysis.Illumina miseq sequencing and comparative genomic results show that,the soil has 38 phylum,86 class,179 order,342 family,516 genera,pigeon feces has 12 phylum,31 class,55 order,101 family and 164 genera,soil microbial species was significantly higher than that of pigeon feces.Shannon index:soil>pigeon feces.However,the abundance index in pigeon feces was significantly higher than that of the soil samples.It is found that Proteobacteria,acidobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes,Chloroflexi,Actinobacteria,nitrospirae are the main dominant phylum in soil,accounts for abOTU 80%of the total number of microorganism;Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria and Firmicutes are the dominant phylum in pigeon feces,accounting for 93%of the total microbe.It was also found that the pigeon feces containing Myroides,Pseudomonas,Sphingobacterium,Erysipelothrix and Acinetobacter and other pathogens.Soil bacterial count results showed that the soil bacteria increased firstly and then decreased to the initial value in the pigeon feces treatments,and the number of bacteria remained to its original level in no pigeon feces treatments.PCR-DGGE analysis showed that pigeon feces,soil type,water environment can significantly affect soil bacterial community structure in the Shannon index,Simpson index and dominance index.Pigeon feces could increase soil microbial diversity and richness,and the diversity of clay and loam soil was higher than that of sandy soil,and the watering environment tended to increase the bacterial abundance of pigeon feces treatment.Bacterial diversity and abundance increased firstly and then decreased,and reached the maximum at 30-60 days,which was close to the control value at 120 d.Time plays an important role in the regulation of bacterial community structure and diversity in soil.Illumina Miseq sequencing results show that OTU types,species diversity index and species richness index was lower in pigeon feces treatments than that in no pigeon feces treatments,and with prolongation of culture time,the bacterial community diversity in soil reduced gradually,bacterial abundance increased.The bacterial community diversity and species abundance of clay and loam were higher than that of sandy soil,and the watering treatments could significantly increase the bacterial community diversity.With prolongation of culture time,watering can have effect on the bacterial community structure in pigeon feces treatments significantly and greatly,soil type and pigeon feces and water environment play different roles in effecting on soil bacterial community structure.Beta diversity analysis found that after 120 days cultured,pigeon feces,soil type and watering reduces the effects of soil bacterial community,time reduces the historical evolutionary factors and environmental factors on the distribution of microbial effects.The bacterial community composition analysis showed that after 120 days the number of bacteria in the phylum,class,order,family,genus level are higher than 30 days,Proteobacteria(42.03%),acidobacteria(15.43%)and the Firmicutes(14.45%),Chloroflexi(7.37%),Bacteroidetes(5.06%),actinobacteria(4.15%),nitrospirae(2.61%),Bacteria_Unclassified(1.91%),verrucomicrobia(1.81%),gemmatimonadetes(1.42%)was the dominant microorganisms,in addition,microbial community structure is relatively more stable after 120 days cultured,the distribution of dominant groups were relatively uniform.Multivariate statistical analysis,it is found that pigeon feces,soil type and watering environment governed the microbial communities and physical and chemical factors in soil,pH,organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium,total nitrogen have significant influence the similar and difference of the bacterial community composition and microbial biogeography,and which were regulated by time.