Selection Of Medicinal Plant And Evaluation Of Cultivated Patterns In An Ecological Forest System

"forest medicinel" is one of the main non-wood forest products in southern collective forest area in our country,which play a positive role in the development of pharmaceutical industry and ural economy.Medicinal plant mangement is the supporting foundation for the development of the forest medicine,also promoting transformation and utilization of the degradation ecological forest.The optimal forest medicine cultivated pattern is main management measures of forest medicine planting and transformation of ecological forest.In order to select the appropriate medicinal plants and efficient cultivated patterns,suitable for ecological forest of the southern collective forest.This paper selected 11 kinds of medicinal plants suitable for growing in the south,from the aspects of growth,photosynthetic characteristics,soil physical and chemical characteristics,the content of medicinal active substances,the microbial community structure to make a comprehensive evaluation,screening out the excellent medicinal plants,and put forward the ecological optimization cultivated pattern,which provide a scientific basis for the development of forest economy and transformation and sustainable management of ecological forest.The main findings are as follows:In addition to Aquilaria sinensis,the survival rate of remaining seven kinds of medicinal plants more than 85%.After three years of adaptation,the preserving rate is still above 50%.In terms of high growth,the largest is Nauclea officinalis,secondly,callicarpa nudiflora and Taxus chinensis more slowly.the most serious damage appeared in Aquilaria sinensis with the damage rate of 40% because of yellow borers harm.The photosynthetic parameters Pn,Tr,Gs and Ci of the different medicinal plants were significantly different(P<0.05),and Pn was the largest in the Alpinia katsumadai,Tr and Gs was the largest in callicarpa nudiflora,while Ci was the largest of the leaves in Nauclea officinalis.Water use efficiency,the difference between the different forest medicine,the measured value of WUE range of 1.42~8.11 and the largest appeared in Alpinia katsumadai.The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were significant(P<0.05)among different plants.The values of Fv/Fm were all about 0.75,and the Yield was more than 0.65,except for the Alpinia katsumadai,whils the Fv/Fo varied from 2.87 to 3.37 and the highest of these parameters all appeared in the Taxus chinensis.Eight kinds of medicinal plants can significantly(P<0.05)improve the surface soil physical properties and nutrient content.the improved effect of Nauclea officinalis and Ilex asprella in the soil quality water content,field water holding capacity,capillary porosity were better,while soil pH and available phosphorus were the highest in soil of callicarpa nudiflora,and the contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available potassium,total potassium and total phosphorus were highest in Alpiniakatsumadai.and the highest content of total nitrogen was in soil of Nauclea officinalis.The rank of comprehensive evaluation of eight medicinal plants was as Alpinia katsumadai>Nauclea officinalis>Ilex asprella>Taxus chinensis>Tutcheria championi>Callicarpa nudiflora>Aquilaria sinensis> Camellia nitidissimaDifferent light environment had significant effect on the content of active substances in medicinal plants(P<0.05).the highest content of strictosamide in leaves of Nuclei officinal is appeared under the 10% ~ 20% light transmittance,while total flavonoids and total sugar content under 30% ~ 40% light transmittance.Under 50%~ 60% light transmittance,the content of tea polyphenols in branches and leaves of Ilex asprella was the highest.Total flavonoid and total sugar content in leaves of Callicarpa nudiflora reached maximum in 50% ~ 60% light transmittance while the highest total phenolic acid content appeared in 70% ~ 80% light transmittance.So,in order to obtain high quality of medicine,Nauclea officinalis should be planted in the shade of light transmittance environment,Ilex asprella is suitable for growing under the condition of medium light transmittance environment in the woodlands,while callicarpa nudiflora is suitable for growing in high transmission environment.such as new afforestation.Forest medicine stereoscopic cultivated pattern can obviously improve soil comprehensive quality of degradated woodland of ecological forest.Especially surface soil,in which the improvement effect of SM pattern in water content of soil quality,capillary water holding capacity,field capacity,capillary porosity,bulk density of soil were the best,while soil total porosity and total phosphorus content phosphorus appeared maximum in SD pattrens.The effect of SMC on soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available potassium,exchangeable calcium,cation exchange capacity,urease and polyphenol oxidase activity was the best,and the total potassium content was the highest in SMG pattern.The active phosphorus and exchangeable magnesium contents and the activity of acid phosphatase were highest in SMA.The rank of improvement effect of stereoscopic cultivated patterns on soil quality were as SMC>SMG>SD>SM>SMA>SDG>SDA>SDC>CKAgroforestry stereoscopic cultivated patterns can increase the soil enzyme activity in rhizosphere significantly(P<0.05).There exisited 28 PLAFs were significantly different in the soil from different pattrens,and various types of microbial PLFA content in soil were significantly(P<0.05)increased.The bacterium had the richest distribution which accounted for about 67.9%~84.6% of microbial total PLFA content,fllowed by fungus and actinomycetes,about 4.0%~13.0% while protozoa content was the lowest,less than 1%.The maximum of total microbial and various types of microbial PLFA contents all appeared in SMC in the soil,while agroforestry patterns can significantly improve the ratio of fungi and bacteria,gram-negative bacteria and positive bacteria.Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index and Pielou index of SMA and SMG were significantly(P<0.05)increased,while difference between the SMC and control did not reach significant level.Principal component analysis showed that scores of principal components for each pattern should in a order of SMC > SMG > SMA > CK.therefore,for the soil enzyme activity and microbial diversity,forest and medicinal plant agroforesteypatterns can increase soil enzyme activity and improve the microbial community structure and soil quality as well,and the pattern of chinese fir with Sarcandra glabra is a better choice for the sustainable development of ecologic forest in southern China.