Sequencing Annotation And Analysis For Mitochondrial Genomes Of Three Trichohramma

The mitochondrial DNA has been widely applied for studying in population genetics,comparative and evolutionary genetic and molecular evolution,because of its simple structure,following the principle of maternal inheritance,accelerated molecular evolutionary rates and lack of restructuring.In this study,The conventional PCR combined with the long-PCR were performed to amplified the whole mitochondrial genomes of Trichogramma dendrolimi,Trichogramma ostriniaeandTriehogramma japonicum.Nextgeneration sequencing was performed to get the sequences.After assembled,annotated,the sequences ware analyzed using the technology.The four phyogenetic trees were reconstructed among 47 hymenoptera insects,using the bayesian inference(B1)and the maximumlikelihood methods based on the thirteen protein coding gene sequence date and two rRNA gene sequence date.The main conclusions are as follows:1.The mitochondrial genomes size of Trichogramma dendrolimi,Trichogramma ostriniaeandTrichogramma japonicuraxe 16877 bp,15962 bp and 16472bp reapectively.They all encode 2 rRNA genes,22tRNA genes 13 protein genes and the A+T-rich region.2.The start codon usage of Trichogramma dendrolimi,Trichogramma ostrinicae and Trichogramma japonicum PCGs are ATN,and the stop codon usage of all three wasps PCGs are TAA,except nad4L with TAG in Trichogramma ostriniae.3.All the 22 tRNA genes of mitochondrial genomes have a typical clover leaf structure except tRNASer(AGN),which lack the DHU arm.There are some unmatched base pairs occur in the tRNAs of Trichogramma dendrolimi,Trichogramma ostriniaeandTrichogramma japonicum.4.All 3 wasps have a long A+T-rich region,and the its size are 1320 bp,595 bp and 830 bp respectively in Trichogramma dendrolimi,Trichogramma japonicum andTrichogramma ostriniaewith the AT content up to88%,91.1%and 89.0%.There are some typical structures in this region,such as poly-A,poly-T,repeating sequences(AT)n elements and hairpin structure etc.5.The gene order is the same in all mitochondrial genomes.However,this gene order is very different from that in ancestral pancrustacean or other hymenoptera insects.6.Phylogenetic relationship of Hymenoptera insects were reconstructed with all protein-codings genes and deleting the third codon site of all protein-codings genes.All results supports Aculeata as monophyletic group.Aculeata + Evaniidae as sister to the remaining Evaniomorpha + Ichneumonomorpha + Proctotrupomorpha,and Cynipoidea as a sister group to the Proctotrupoidea.Besides,Diaprioidea as sister to the Chalcidoidea.