Effects Of No Tillage And Fertilization On Soil And Crops

No tillage and straw mulch is a kind of farming method which is caused by the malpractice of traditional farming methods. This method can improve the soil structure, optimize the soil environment, and it has a certain impact on the growth and yield of crops. With the wheat as material, the experiment of no tillage and fertilization was conducted. There were four tillage treatments: NC(no tillage and straw mulch without fertilization), NF(no tillage and straw mulch with fertilization), TC(conventional tillage without fertilization), TF(conventional tillage with fertilization). The experiment aimed to study the soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme activity, soil biological characteristics, crop yield, biomass and weed biomass and density with different ways of tillage and fertilization, providing theoretical basis to rational farming. The main results are as follows:1. At wheat harvest, When the way of fertilization is the same, the soil available potassium(AK), available nitrogen(AN), total nitrogen(TN) and organic matter(OM) of no tillage were higher than conventional tillage. With no fertilization, the AK, AN, TN and OM were of NC 10.72%, 6.67%, 1.91% and 3.87% higher than TC respectively. With fertilization, the AK, AN, TN and OM were 13.9%, 2.5%, 6.94% and 1.84% of NF higher than TF respectively. In addition,organic fertilizer increased AK and pH.2. The changes of urease activity, alkaline phosphatase and catalase activity in soil were consistent. No tillage and straw mulch increased enzyme activity, the catalase and urease activity were respectively increased by 6.02%, 1.74% in NC with respect to TC. Other, organic fertilizer increased alkaline phosphatase and catalase activity in soil.3. On the structure and function of soil microbial community, arbuscular mycorrhiza hyphal and protozoan PLFA of NC were respectively increased by 66.39% and 64.26% in 100%MC, with respect to TC. However the performance of different ways of tillage with fertilization was opposite.The number of microorganisms of NC was higher than that of NF. On the whole, in the four treatments, the number of the main three kinds of microorganisms of TF reached the highest value,and NC was the second. Compared with TC, the increasing rate of bacterial, fungal and actinomycete biomass of TF were 28.22%, 9.67% and 33.73%. The 168h AWCD were reduced by 51.82%, 58.90% and 88.70% in NC, TC and NF, with respect to TF. And the Mclntoch and Simpson of TF was the highest in these 4 treatments. The utilization ability of soil microbes to carboxylic acids of TF was 1.76-1.77 times of the other three treatments. The utilization of amino acids of TF was by 36.90%, 40.24% and 71.64% lower than NC, TC and NF, respectively.4. Tillage changed the chlorophyll content of wheat and the difference was significant. The SPAD of TF was 8.48% higher than NF, TC was 5.26% higher than NC. There was significant change in FO' of wheat under NC treatment, its numerical value was 12.63%, 9.45%, 10.60%higher than TC?NF?TF.5. The variation trend of economic yield and underground biomass of wheat was consistent. The specific performance was: TF>NF>TC>NC. The underground biomass of conventional tillage was always higher than that of no tillage and straw mulch, and the increasing rate was 36% and 3.6%,respectively. With the same tillage practice, the underground biomass of the treatment without fertilization was always higher than fertilization treatment, and the increasing rate were 66% and 26.47% respectivly. The variation trend of weed biomass and weed density were also consistent, the performance were: weed biomass NF >NC >TF>TC; weed density NC >NF>TF>TC.