Studies On Effects Of Soil And Wheat Biology By Different Tillage On The Dry Sloping Farmland In Western Henan

The experiments were taken from 2004 to 2006 in order to mainly studied the effects of Subsoiling and straw mulching tillage(ST),No-tillage and straw mulching tillage(NT),reduced tillage(RT),and conventional tillage(CT)on the soil physicochemical character,activity of soil enzyme,growth and development and yield of winter wheat Luoyang9769.The cultivar principal results were as follows.1.The results indicated that studies were on the soil physical character of winter wheat by different tillage.They can obviously decrease the soil bulk density on farming soil,the soil bulk density of subsoiling and straw mulching tillage significantly less than other tillage,reduced tillage conventional tillage higher than No-tillage and straw mulching tillage,but the difference was not significant.The average soil moisture with no-tillage was highest than others tillages treatments under natural rainfall conditions in the whole growth stage of winter wheat,and then with subsoiling tillage.And the difference between no-tillage and subsoiling tillage declined with the growth and development of the wheat plant,but the average soil moisture between tillage reducection and conventional tillage kept a nearly level.In all of the different soil layer,the average soil moisture with no tillage and subsoiling tillage were evidently higher than that with reduced tillage and conventional tillage, but the results showed NT＞ST＞RT＞CT in 0～40cm layer soil and ST＞NT＞CT＞RT in 50～160cm layer soil.The average soil moisture of 0～160cm layer of every tillage treatment declined obviously in the later period of wheat plant growth and development,but conservation tillage can decrease the disturbance on surface of soil and evaporation of water,improve the soil water content.The effect of soil temperature was obviously by air temperature on the 0～15cm of deep layer of different tillage,the change range of soil temperature was bigger.But that of deep layer was smaller.The temperature of deep layer soil would drop when the air temperature was high and would raise when the air temperature was low.The average of soil temperature of conventional tillage was higher than others on 0～30cm of deep layer.By the subsoiling and straw mulching tillage no-tillage and straw mulching tillage,the temperature of deep layer soil would drop when the air temperature was high and would raise when the air temperature was low in the whole year.2.The results indicated that studies were on the soil chemical character of winter wheat by different tillage.Conservation tillage can lower the value of soil pH, especially significant lower the value of soil pH on 0～20cm of deep layer.The subsoiling and straw mulching tillage no-tillage and straw mulching tillage can improve the contents of soil organic matter.Especially it can keep the higher contents of soil organic matter in the later developing stages of winter wheat.Compared to the non-rhizosphere,the rhizospHere can more represent the real change of the contents of soil organic matter on roots of winter wheat,which was subjected to outside factor less.Its was fallen down with soil layer depth in farming layer.The contents of soil organic matter was the highest on 0～20cm of deep layer.The variety of contents of soil total nitrogen,pHospHorus and potassium weren't big during wheat growth, among the soil total nitrogen run off severity by conventional tillage.The contents of soil phosphorus's expense was mainly in 10～30 cm layer by the covering tillage,but in 0～20cm layer by non-covering tillage.It can reduce loss the soil total nitrogen and phosphorus on the surface soil layer by the covering tillage.The variety of contents of soil potassium wasn't significantly.Conservation tillage can improve the contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen,rapidly available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium during wheat later grown,the subsoiling and straw mulching tillage, no-tillage and straw mulching tillage reach significantly level in contrast with conventional tillage,the tillage reduce was no significantly.The soil rhizosphere can significantly improve the contents of soil nutrient,and represent the regulation absorption of soil nutrient of winter wheat at different developing stages in contrast with soil non-rhizosphere.3.The results indicated that studies were on the activity of soil enzyme of winter wheat by different tillage.The activity of soil enzyme was the similar regulation during winter wheat growth.The activity of soil enzyme from the high level before winter to the lower level on over winter stage,rose constantly on the returning green stage,achieved the maximum value on jointing stage,dropped on the following stage. The soil enzyme activity of urease,surcrase,amylase and protease achieved the lowest value during filling stage,except that of catalase was on during anthesis stage, rose slowly in harvest stage.The activity of soil enzyme was significantly dropped with the soil depth.The soil rhizosphere can significantly improve the activity of soil enzyme,and represent the regular of the activity of soil enzyme of winter wheat at different developing stages in contrast with soil non-rhizosphere.4.The results indicated that studies were on the growth and development of winter wheat by different tillage.The effects of different tillage systems on growth and development of winter wheat plant existed a certain extent difference.The total tiller number of winter wheat of reduced tillage and conventional tillage where higher, but the subsoiling tillage and no tillage and straw mulching tillage could increase the number of tiller on the later filling stage,and the regulation of the plantlet height was similar,the difference was no significantly on later harvesting stage.The leaf area index of conservation tillage was higher on later filling stage.It was benefit to enhance the dry matter accumulation amount of every organ,raised the translocation amount of every organ in wheat after anthesis,enhanced the contribution rate to grain of wheat,and increased the filling rate of winter wheat and the grain dry matter accumulation amount.Therefore,they could enhance the weight of every 1000 kernels and obtain a higher grain yield.5.The results indicated that studies were on winter wheat yield by different tillage.The subsoiling tillage and no tillage and straw mulching tillage could increase efficient spike,kernel number/spike and 1000 kernel weight.Grain yield with subsoiling tillage and straw mulching tillage was highest,but the starch yield with subsoiling tillage was the highest and conventional tillage was the lowest.Compared with conventional tillage,the output value,ratio and net benefit on other tillage were higher,among the subsoiling tillage and no tillage and straw mulching tillage were significant higher than reduced tillage and conventional tillage.The effect on wheat yield by non-tillage and straw mulching tillage was mainly decided to the annual rainfall and distribution of season rainfall.6.The results indicated that analysis were on various factors correlation by different tillage.The correlation coefficient of various soil enzymes has all achieved the significant level,the activity of soil enzyme was relevant to grain yield.The level between the organic and total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium were insignificant,rapidly available phosphorus were the soil alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen, rapidly available potassium were extremely significant,rapidly available phosphorus were significant.The contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen,rapidly available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium were significant relevant to grain yield. The level between soil enzyme and soil alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen,rapidly available phosphorus and potassium were extremely significant or significant,aspect the soil enzyme of surcease,amylase and the rapidly available phosphorus were no significant. The activity of soil enzyme can represent the level of soil fertility,especial the soil rapidly available potassium.Based on the above results,the analysis of effect through to several tillages were comparisoned.Subsoiling and straw mulching tillage can effectively improve the crops yield, the effects of soil character in wheat field,soil enzyme and growth & development of winter wheat were higher than other tillage's,was one of the most effective conversation tillage which suits the sustainable development of agriculture in west Henan.