The Livestock Grazing's Impact On The Giant Panda Habitat And Staple Food About Five Organic Nutrients In Wanglang Nature Reserve

This research studied the fountain.denudata that was the giant panda's staple food in Wanglang nature reserve.We settled the interference plots and the giant panda plots,by this,comparing selection preference on habitat factor between giant panda and grazing livestock to illustrate difference of habitat selection.On the basis,we also analyzed the difference of damage degree on habitat factor between the two.Secondly,Conventional nutrients about bamboo stems and leaves of the f.denudata included the Crude protein,Crude fat,Crude fiber,Crude ash,Dry matter,which were tested with the Chinese national standard method,thus illustrated the difference of the five conventional nutrients between the two plots.The major results was following:1.Using independent sample T test and the Mann-Whitney U test,We compared the average value of each variables between two kinds of plots.The results shown that the Slope,Tree height,Canopy density of trees,Shrubs numbers,Shrub height,DBH,Bamboo coverage,Annual numbers,Bamboo height,bamboo DBH existed significant difference between interference plots and the gaint panda plots.Discriminant function analysis results displayed that the bamboo coverage,the biennial has a higher contribution.According to the analysis of the above,we believe that the giant panda of Wanglang nature reserve,relative to grazing livestock,prefer the habitat with the upper tree,larger bamboo coverage,higher and thicker bamboo,steeper slope,higher shrubs and DBH.2.To compare the difference of destruction degree on habitat factors between the giant panda and livestock grazing habitat,we tested each variables between the giant panda plots and the interference plots using independent sample T test and the Mann-Whitney U test,.Results revealed that the giant panda selectively feed on bamboo according to different age,different parts.After eaten by giant panda,bamboo still grew in good condition,however,the bamboo that was eaten by livestock was usually in bad condition.3.The analysis results of Five conventional nutrients as follows: in this article,we do experiments to text nutrients percentage of Crude protein,Crude fat,Crude fiber,Crude ash,Dry matter of bamboo stem and leaves(different ages)in giant panda plots(70)and interference plots(68).Results illustrated that the Crude fat content between two plots is bamboo leaves>bamboo stems,annual,biennial,perennial bamboo leaves and bamboo stems were no significant differences between two plots;Crude fiber content is bamboo stems > bamboo leaves,bamboo leaves of different age and annual bamboo stem between two types of plots are not significant differences,while the biennial and perennial bamboo stems have significant differences,and interference plots is higher than the giant panda plots;Crude ash content is bamboo leaves > bamboo stems,bamboo stems of different age and perennial bamboo leaves have significant differences,but the bamboo leaves of annual and biennial exist no difference between two plots;in general,Crude protein content is bamboo leaves> bamboo stems,bamboo stems of different age is no significant difference between two plots,as for bamboo leaves of different ages,only perennial leaves have difference in two types plots;Dry matter content is bamboo stems > bamboo leaves,bamboo stems of different bamboo age does not exist significant differences,while bamboo leaves of different age,only perennial bamboo leaves have significant difference between two types of plots,and the giant panda plots are higher than the interference plots.4.The paper also discussed the reason for the increase of grazing livestock phenomenon in recent years in wanglang nature reserve.Except for the grazing tradition,possibly related to the following factors.Firstly,the influence of national policy,since 1998,the state implemented nature forest protection and GTGP project to cut down timber production,resources protection,improving business efficiency as the major target.Due to the ban,people no longer engaged in the jobs that related to the cutting industry,thus they cann't obtain the corresponding economic income.For this reason,animal husbandry became alternative industries,local residents began to feed some herding cattles,horses,several heads to hundreds of(personal communication,2016),these livestocks grazing in the protected area,caused certain negative influence on the giant panda and their habitat.Secondly,with economic development,People's life style was changed.The market demand of red meat is increasing and makes prices keep rising.In this environment,the residents has seen its potential economic value,it is another factor to make livestock increasing.Thirdly,cultural level is low and the education time is short.Reserves are generally located in areas where the economy is backward and traffic block,people accepted less education chance compare to the developed areas,so the relevant knowledge and skills are extremely lacking.A lot of people can only follow and engage their Parents' occupation to take in some planting and breeding,the backward education also indirectly contributed to the development of animal husbandry.