Investigation On Major Lauraceae Landscape Plants’ Diseases And Insect Pests In Four Districts And Counties In The Hilly Area Of East Sichuan

In recent years,with the city greening and artificial afforestation scale enlarged year by year,cross-border transport of nursery-grown plants become more frequently.In the process of transportation,planting in,there were great risks for garden pests and diseases spreading.Lauraceae are common in South of China as important economic tree,green tree,alee-tree and shade tree,widely loved by the application in landscape,spread widely,have a large quantity,suffer from diseases and insect pests seriously,while the conservation management work and pest control work were relatively loose.In order to know well the situation of Lauraceae garden plants’ pests and diseases in Gaoping,Xichong,Wusheng,Qianfeng,these four districts and counties in East Sichuan hilly area,to improve management measures,strengthen conservation measures,do a good job in the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests,provide data basis and reference,the author carried out this investigation.The survey time was from October 2015 to September 2016,took the field investigation,route investigation,statistical analysis method,literature method and other methods,selected the typical area of the hilly area of East Sichuan,including 4counties: Gaoping,Xichong in Nanchong,Wusheng,Qianfeng in Guang’an.Research on species,distribution,damage of the diseases and insect pests of common Lauraceae garden plants.Survey objects included Lauraceae garden plants as alee-tree,or growing in green belt,green inbye,nursery garden,and their plant diseases and insect pests.The survey set 98 survey samples,and had 150 records in four counties,records in Wusheng County accounted for about 39.33% of plant diseases and insect pests,Xichong accounted for about 24.67%,Gaoping accounted for about 22.00%,Qianfeng accounting for about 14.00%.There were many kinds of diseases and insect pests in this investigation,about 68.00% of pests,about 31.33% of diseases,about 0.67% of harmful plants,the majority of records were about pests.Recorded 37 species of pests belong to11 orders 33 families;recorded 8 kinds of diseases belong to 6 orders 6 families,including 1 saprophytic bacteria record;and 1 harmful plant.Records of leaf segment suffering injury accounted for about 75.00%,records of branches and cadres accounted for about 17.50%,records of shoots accounted for about 6.25%,records of fruits accounted for about 1.25%.The majority of pests included Hemiptera which proportion was about 43.14%,Hymenoptera which proportion was about 13.73%,Lepidoptera which proportion was about 11.76%,Blattaria which proportion was about 9.80%;thediseases included Sooty Blotch caused by pathogenic fungi of Pezizales,accounted for38.30%,Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb.algae spot disease caused by pathogenic spore target algae in Tetrasporales familly,accounted for 19.15%,leaf spot and black spot disease caused by pathogenic fungi present in Moniliales,accounted for 14.89%,the anthracnose caused by Melanconiales spore,accounted for 10.64%,leaf spot disease caused by pathogenic fungi Sphaeropsidales accounted for 10.64%.The dominant species of pests included Aulacaspis yabunikkei Kuwana accounted for approximately15.69%,Mesoneura rufonota Rohwer accounted for about 13.73%,Sinomegoura citricola Van der Goot accounted for approximately 5.88%,Dansinenuras sp.accounted for about 5.88%,Stephanitis macaona Drake accounted for about 4.90%;dominant species of diseases included Neocapnodium tanakae(Shirai et Hara)Yamam accounted for approximately 38.30%,Cephaleuros virescens Kunze accounted for about 19.15%.Ascochya eriobtryae accounted for approximately 10.64%,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.)Sacc accounted for approximately 10.64%,Cercospora cinnamomi Saw.Et Kats.accounted for about 8.51%,Alternaria alternate(Fr.)Keissler accounted for about 6.58%.The survey investigated 7 kinds of Lauraceae,the host plants with more serious diseases and insect pests were mainly Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb.,accounted for about 47.33%,and Cinnamomum bodinieri Levl.accounted for about 22.67%,and Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl accounted for about 17.33%;among the survey,the major host plant of Lauraceae,such as,pests happened on Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb.were mainly belong to Hemiptera,which accounted for about 22.54% of pests recorded on Cinnamomum japonicum,and then the Diptera pests happened on Cinnamomum japonicum accounted for about 8.45%;disease belong to Pezizales accounted for Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb.pest records of 23.94%,Tetrasporales disease accounted for about 12.68%,Melanconiales disease accounted for 7.04%,Sphaeropsidales disease accounted for about 7.04%.The dominant species Cinnamomum japonicum included Sooty Blotch Disease caused by Neocapnodium tanakae(Shirai et Hara)Yamam accounted for about 23.94% of the records of Cinnamomum japonicum pests,algae spot caused by Cephaleuros virescens Kunze accounted for approximately 12.68%,anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.)Sacc accounted for about 7.04%,leaf spot disease caused by Ascochya eriobtryae accounted for about 7.04%;Aulacaspis yabunikkei Kuwana accounted for approximately 12.68%,Dansinenuras sp.accounted for about 8.45%.The main pests of Cinnamomum bodinieri Levl.included Hemipterous insects accounted forabout 35.29% of all the records of Cinnamomum bodinieri,Blattodea accounted for about 14.71% of records of Cinnamomum bodinieri,Hymenoptera accounted for about14.71% of records of Cinnamomum bodinieri,Lepidoptera accounted for about 11.76%of records of Cinnamomum bodinieri,diseases were mainly Moniliales accounted for about 8.82% of records of Cinnamomum bodinieri.The dominant species endangered Cinnamomum bodinieri included Mesoneura rufonota have accounted for about 14.71%of Cinnamomum bodinieri pest records,Stephanitis macaona accounted for about8.82%,Aulacaspis yabunikkei accounted for 8.82%,Coptotermes formosanus accounted for about 8.82%;and diseases were mainly about camphor Leaf Spot disease caused by Cercospora cinnamomi Saw.Et Kats.and the black spot disease caused by Alternaria alternate(Fr.)Keissler belong into Moniliales.The main pests happened on Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl were mainly Hemipterous insects accounted for about 30.77% of camphor tree pest records,Hymenoptera pests accounted for about26.92%,Coleoptera pests accounted for about 11.54%,Blattaria pests accounted for about 11.54%,Lepidoptera pests accounted for about 11.54%;disease were mainly Moniliales disease accounts for about 3.85% of camphor tree pest records,Pezizales disease accounted for about 3.85%.The dominant species in the camphor tree pest infestation,Mesoneura rufonota Rohwer accounted for about 26.92% of Cinnamomum camphora pest records,Termitidae accounted for about 11.54%;camphor Leaf Spot and Sooty Blotch records were both accounted for about 3.85%.The survey found that Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb.suffered the most serious diseases and insect pests and then Cinnamomum bodinieri Levl.,and Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl;among the pests,Hemiptera family and Hymenoptera family were the dominant families,Aulacaspis yabunikkei Kuwana,Mesoneura rufonota Rohwer were dominant species,diseases with Sooty Blotch and cephaleuros virescens caused heavy damage.Based on the above findings,the author discussed the factors that lead to the spread and propagation of diseases and insect pests,including human construction activities disturbance,animal carrying,logistics and transportation frequency,environmental factors,prevention measures were not scientific,plant propagation etc..Combined with the actual situation,the prevention and control measures were put forward,including biological control,physical control,chemical control,comprehensive prevention and control,etc..